Modal Pure Type Systems

We present a framework for intensional reasoning in typed -calculus. In this family of calculi, called Modal Pure Type Systems (MPTSs), a propositions-as-types-interpretation can be given for normal modal logics. MPTSs are an extension of the Pure Type Systems (PTSs) of Barendregt (1992). We show that they retain the desirable meta-theoretical properties of PTSs, and briefly discuss applications in the area of knowledge representation.     

Communication across Viewpoints

A case situation arising in a normal interaction among people is the baseline for discussing properties of the theory of viewpoints. In particular we consider how to ensure agreement on the meaning of certain utterances by agents who have different perspectives on the situation, while maintaning other knowledge as private. We argue that communication should be modeled as adding facts to the common knowledge of agents. We introduce the principle of 'referent sharing' in communications and argue that common knowledge resulting from communication should only use constants whose referent is manifest to the parties involved.     

汉语定义语句的抽取方法

该文介绍了在汉语文本中抽取定义语句的方法。方法的主要特点是：给定被定义的词汇（字符串）,应用Bo-yer-Moore算法查找该串在文本中的位置,继而在该句子中查找符合定义特征的谓词。在这个工作基础上,根据谓词字符串的特征排除谓词歧义,并按照句法分析的结果对定义语句修饰谓词的不同语法单元进行识别,从而实现了基于字符串和语法特征的识别的定义语句抽取。     

浅析现代室内设计中的自然风尚

人们一直都在为自己营造着一个与大自然隔离的空间,文章针对这种回归自然的室内设计理念,提出现代室内设计中需要自然风尚的观点。从自然风尚的影响和理念形成入手,在物质和精神两个层面探讨了室内设计中,运用自然的空间装饰与光线处理、纳入与自然和谐的色彩元素、应用天然材料、创造性地利用废旧材料等装饰设计方法,可以带给人愉悦的心情和优雅、纯粹、自然与不凡的感受。     

可持续性住宅设计的低技术策略——巴特罗之家(Casa Batllo)自然通风设计的启示

在新时期倡导节能和环保的可持续性发展观的背景下,针对住宅建筑的经济性原则和高新技术的高成本问题,提出多管齐下、从低技术创新的角度来回应建筑的可持续性设计问题,实现生态住宅的可消费性。通过对早期生态住宅的典范——巴特罗公寓通风设计的研析,展示了低技术策略的创造性价值和非常规思路;同时通过重新审视自然通风这一传统技术的现实意义及其在现代生态住宅设计中的应用潜力,借鉴巴特罗公寓的创新启示,提倡在当代可持续性住宅设计中进一步拓展低技术思路。     

论油画风景写生的意义

优秀风景写生作品是大自然与艺术家真实情感的体验和流露,是作品与感情的结合,而越发显得艺术创作的魅力。情感是艺术之本,任何艺术精品,都无不凝聚了创作者的情感和汗水,艺术家在风景创作中,总是要把自己的情感灌入其中,用真情实感来打动人。师法自然,生活是艺术的源泉。     

旅游自然景区下的设计行为初探

自然景区越来越成为生活在城市中的居民所向往的圣洁之地。随着自然景区被人们广泛的接触从而导致了"天然景观人为化"的现象。本文通过对旅游自然景区下旅游行为归纳分析以达到对设计行为的认知,并根据对九寨沟和黄龙景区的考察及调查的相关资料,对旅游自然景区下的设计行为进行解析用以说明"设计"对自然景区内天然景观与人为景观的重要性,以及应用设计的手段来解决"天然景观人为化"的问题,保持人为景观与天然景观的平衡。为今后旅游自然景区的设计活动拓展思路,提供新的设计视角。     

基于自然景观资源的环境艺术设计之定位

当前,随着环境问题的日益突出,要求加强对环境的保护、修复和美化已成为人们实践活动中的一个关键内容,而与解决环境问题紧密相关的环境艺术设计更是责任重大,尤其是在资源型城市(如矿山、油田、旅游区等),要尝试探索如何充分理解自然生态系统运行规律和自然美学价值,宏观地赋予环境艺术设计新的内涵和价值,在功能、形式、生态、经济和人文诸多因素中谋求环境与人的平衡。     

A compiler for parsing schemata

We present a compiler that can be used to automatically obtain efficient Java implementations of parsing algorithms from formal specifications expressed as parsing schemata. The system performs an analysis of the inference rules in the input schemata in order to determine the best data structures and indexes to use, and to ensure that the generated implementations are efficient. The system described is general enough to be able to handle all kinds of schemata for different grammar formalisms, such as context‐free grammars and tree‐adjoining grammars, and it provides an extensibility mechanism allowing the user to define custom notational elements. This compiler has proven very useful for analyzing, prototyping and comparing natural‐language parsers in real domains, as can be seen in the empirical examples provided at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America

Large-scale ecosystem disturbances (LSEDs) have major impacts on the global carbon cycle as large pulses of CO₂ and other trace gases from terrestrial biomass loss are emitted to the atmosphere during disturbance events. The high temporal and spatial variability of the atmospheric emissions combined with the lack of a proven methodology to monitor LSEDs at the global scale make the timing, location and extent of vegetation disturbance a significant uncertainty in understanding the global carbon cycle. The MODIS Global Disturbance Index (MGDI) algorithm is designed for large-scale, regular, disturbance mapping using Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Aqua/MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The MGDI uses annual maximum composite LST data to detect fundamental changes in land-surface energy partitioning, while avoiding the high natural variability associated with tracking LST at daily, weekly, or seasonal time frames. Here we apply the full Aqua/MODIS dataset through 2006 to the improved MGDI algorithm across the woody ecosystems of North America and test the algorithm by comparison with confirmed, historical wildfire events and the windfall areas of documented major hurricanes. The MGDI accurately detects the location and extent of wildfire throughout North America and detects high and moderate severity impacts in the windfall area of major hurricanes. We also find detections associated with clear-cut logging and land-clearing on the forest-agricultural interface. The MGDI indicates that 1.5% (195,580 km²) of the woody ecosystems within North America was disturbed in 2005 and 0.5% (67,451 km²) was disturbed in 2006. The interannual variability is supported by wildfire detections and official burned area statistics.