An urban techno-economic hydrogen penetration scenario analysis for Burdur,Turkey

In this paper, the current energy mix and the power generation infrastructure of Turkey have been analyzed and two different hydrogen based alternative scenarios applied on Burdur TIMES energy model to foresee the economic and environmental results in the 2016–2031 time period.An improved RES was created to illustrate the current energy network of Burdur city and to determine the relationships between energy carriers and the respective technologies, and then this structure is specified by the relevant data, including fuel cell-powered land vehicle technologies integrated into the land transportation demand side.This paper analyses the feasibility of hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier in the fuel mix for electricity generation in Burdur City to achieve sustainable economic growth, to improve the energy security by minimizing respective environmental emissions and indicate the possible implications of the introduction of the hydrogen supply chain and respective fuel cell end-use technologies in a city level energy modelling perspective. Burdur is selected as the target city to implement the designated level of land transport passenger demand by hydrogen technologies; and after implementation of hydrogen cars in 2020; it has been evaluated that only 0.09 PJ of hydrogen car activity prevents a total of 43.44 kT CO₂ emission in Burdur, addressing the 8% of the total emission in the base scenario between the analysis time horizon. Finally, hydrogen has been evaluated as a clean, dependable option to diversify the energy mix on the current energy supply system of Burdur.     

Probable water crisis in Thrace and Istanbul in the near future and a sustainable strategy to overcome it

Abstract

The Thrace Region of Turkey, a passageway from Asia to Europe, which includes the most populated city of Istanbul, is threatened by a water crisis in the very near future. The population of Istanbul alone is forecast to reach 30 millions by the year 2025, requiring 3 billion m³ of water, nearly equal to the total fresh water resources of the region, 3.4 billion m³. In this study, we consider not only the proportion of the available water resources to be allocated for each competing sector, civil, agriculture and industry, but also attempt to outline integrated water management strategies for each sector. The potential of small earth reservoirs, more than 1,500 in number, is emphasised as a way to develop fresh water resources. Water saving policies in the cities and ethics for water use are also briefly discussed.     

An Optimal Deadlock Prevention Policy for Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using Petri Net Models with Resources and the Theory of Regions

In this paper, an optimal deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) is proposed. In an FMS, dead-locks can arise because of a limited number of shared resources, i.e. machines, robots, buffers, fixtures etc. Deadlock is a highly undesirable situation, where each of a set of two or more jobs keeps waiting indefinitely for the other jobs in the set to release resources. The proposed optimal deadlock prevention policy is based on the use of reachability graph analysis of a Petri net model (PNM) of a given FMS and the synthesis of a set of new net elements, namely places with initial marking and related arcs, to be added to the PNM, using the theory of regions, which is a formal synthesis technique toderive Petri nets from automaton-based models. The policy proposed is optimal in the sense that it allows the maximal use of resources in the system according to the production requirements. Two examples are provided for illustration. RID=" ID=" <E5>Correspondence and offprint requests to</E5>: M. Uzam, Ni&gbreve;de &Uuml;niversitesi, M&uuml;hendislik-Mimarlik Fak&uuml;ltesi, Elektrik-Elektronik M&uuml;hendisli&gbreve;i B&ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;, Kamp&uuml;s, 51100, Ni&gbreve;de, Turkey. E-mail: murat_uzam&commat;hotmail.com     

Critical information technology issues in Turkish healthcare

While the importance of information technology in reducing soaring healthcare costs and enhancing service quality is increasingly being recognized, significant challenges remain in how it is implemented. Although there are a few studies investigating key IT issues in healthcare in advanced countries, there are virtually none in developing countries. We bridge this gap by investigating the critical information technology issues in healthcare facilities in Turkey. These issues are developed based on the opinions of senior hospital managers. The top ten issues include privacy, quality, security, and the implementation of electronic medical records. Further analyses provide additional insights into the results.     

Empirical correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance for ground shaking assessments

Prediction of the ground shaking response at soil sites requires knowledge of the soil, expressed in terms of shear wave velocity. Although it is preferable to measure this dynamic soil parameter in situ, this is often not economic at all locations. Existing correlations between shear wave velocity and penetration resistance have been assessed in this study and compared with correlations with SPT values obtained based on geotechnical and geoseismic data collected from a first-degree earthquake zone in Turkey. The results obtained support the findings of earlier studies that blow-count is a significant parameter in these correlations while type of soil has no important influence. The regression equations developed in this study compare well with most of the previous equations and exhibit good prediction performance. It is noted that better correlations are obtained when uncorrected blow-counts are used.      

Weathering and its relation to geomechanical properties of Cavusbasi granitic rocks in northwestern Turkey

The effect of mainly mechanical weathering on the granodiorites, granites and quartz diorites of the Cavusbasi area of northwest Turkey are described, the samples having been taken from cores and field exposures. The primary characteristics of these rocks are affected by the weathering process which results in a significant constraint on their use in engineering works. The tests undertaken on samples in the various weathering grades included point load and uniaxial compressive strength, slake durability, porosity, loss on ignition, dry and saturated unit weight and water absorption. A tentative correlation between these properties is presented. Electronic Publication     

Current Geothermal Energy Potential in Turkey and Use of Geothermal Energy

Turkey is the seventh-richest country in the world in geothermal potential. The first geothermal researches and investigations in Turkey started by the Turkey Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) in the 1960s. Upon this, 170 geothermal fields have been discovered by MTA, in which 95% of them are low-medium enthalpy fields, which are suitable mostly for direct-use applications. The overall geothermal potential in Turkey is about 38,000 MW. Of this potential, around 88% is appropriate for thermal use (temperature less than 473 K) and the remainder is appropriate for electricity production (temperature more than 473 K). Turkey has extended its involvement in geothermal energy projects, supported by loans from the Ministry of Environment, and geothermal energy is expected to increase substantially in the coming years. Overall, Turkey has an estimated 4,500 MW of geothermal power production potential.     

The Traditional Cheeses of Turkey: Central Anatolian Region

The making of the majority of cheeses is based on ancient traditions. Anatolia possesses a rich cheese-making culture and this review aims to collate the Central Anatolian Region cheese varieties. Research carried out in this context shows that there are 16 different varieties of cheese in this region. These are: Divle Tulum Cheese, Küp (Jar) Cheese, Gölba?? Tulum Cheese, Çanak (Pan) Cheese, Gödelek Cheese, Çömlek (Pot) Cheese, Kayseri Pot Cheese, Küpecik Cheese, Çökelek With Pepper, Çepni Tulum Cheese, Aya? Basma (Pressed) Cheese, Pesküten, Konya Molded Cheese, Ere?li Cloth Tulum Cheese, Karaman Tulum Cheese, and Ek?i (Sour) Cheese. In this publication, the production methods of these cheeses, as well as their properties, and for some, the chemical and microbiological properties are presented.     

A new species of Cassida Linnaeus, 1758, from Turkey (Chrysomelidae: cassidinae)

A new species, Cassida alidagiense sp. nov., has been described from Kayseri province in Turkey. For the time being, the species is endemic to Turkey. Cassida alidagiense sp. nov., is related to Cassida linnavuorii Borowiec, 1986; Cassida brevis Weise, 1884; and Cassida bella Faldermann, 1837, from which it differs in the shape of the apex of cornu of the spermethaca, and it can be distinctively differentiated from these species based on color of under body and spermathecal characters especially. In addition, the paper presents ultrastructures observed by SEM of spermatheca of Cassida alidagiense sp. nov. from Turkey.     

Combustion Characteristics of 24 Lignite Samples

Abstract

In this study, the combustion characteristics such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA), burning profile, ignition temperature, and peak temperature were analyzed for 24 lignite samples from different areas of Turkey. The samples were heated up to 900°C at a constant rate of 10°C/min in a 5 mL/min flow of dry air. The burning profiles of the samples studied, combined with proximate, sulfur analysis and calorimetry results, contribute to a clearer identification of lignite samples' structure and a better understanding of the coalification process. The lignite samples have been tested with particle size of 0–0.05 mm. Ignition temperatures of the samples have been determined from their burning profiles.