某油田深冷空分制氮工艺优化研究

目的某大型油田采用深冷空分制氮工艺获取氮气来注氮驱油,为改善该工艺比功耗高、氮收率低等问题,利用中心复合旋转设计(CCRD)响应面分析法进行生产运行参数优化。 方法基于HYSYS软件建立深冷空分制氮流程,并对工艺中的关键运行参数进行单因素分析,由此确立各参数优化选值区间,利用CCRD响应面分析法在区间内进行参数寻优。 结果以工艺的比功耗最小为目标,使用工艺运行参数的最佳组合,优化后的流程氮气产量从16 905 m³/h增加到18 541 m³/h,提高了9.68%;氮气中氧摩尔分数从0.000 26%下降到0.000 24%,降低了7.7%;氮收率从70.92%上升到77.75%,增加了9.63%;比功耗从0.374 5 kW·h/m³下降到0.345 7 kW·h/m³,减少了7.69%。 结论利用CCRD响应面法进行生产运行参数优化对存在问题的改善有明显效果。      

液化气脱硫醇尾气引入催化再生器燃烧的治理措施

中海石油宁波大榭石化有限公司2.2 Mt/a深度催化裂解(DCC)联合装置配套120 t/h液化气脱硫醇装置,针对液化气脱硫醇碱液再生尾气中含有氧气、烃类和二硫化物,导致环境污染、设备腐蚀和堵塞、安全隐患等生产难题,该公司将脱硫醇尾气引入DCC装置,采取催化再生器燃烧的治理措施.结果表明:在高温富氧的条件下使脱硫醇尾气...     

气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析焦化柴油中氮化物组成

采用固相萃取法分离富集焦化柴油中的含氮化合物组分,然后通过气相色谱/场电离-飞行时间质谱(GC/FITOFMS)及气相色谱/四级杆-飞行时间质谱(GC/QTOFMS)对含氮化合物类型进行定性分析.结果表明,焦化柴油中除了常见的苯胺类、吲哚类、喹啉类、苯并喹啉类、咔唑类、苯并咔唑类氮化物外,还发现了四氢异喹啉类、苯基吡啶...     

随钻地层流体保真取样筒保真参数优化方法

提出以地面预充氮气方法为主、井下增压方法为辅的随钻取样保真筒的设计思路,对其工作方式、取样参数优化方法进行讨论.取样筒中氮气腔的作用相当于储能气垫,可在一定程度上补充取样过程中因温度变化带来的压力损失,井下增压则是将样品尽快地压入样品腔,并进一步提高样品压力来弥补氮气腔无法提供的压力补偿.通过对取样保真筒工作方式的分析...     

原油加工过程的氮平衡及其传递规律

对国内某炼油厂的常减压蒸馏、加氢裂化、连续重整、柴油加氢、渣油加氢、酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、重油催化裂化等21套装置进行全面采样和分析,考察了含氮原油在炼油厂各工艺流程中的分布及传递情况,确定了各装置的氮元素平衡及分布规律,绘制了全厂氮元素传递图,以期为炼油厂深度脱氮、重点装置防腐以及工艺升级等提供技术支撑。     

硫磺回收装置停工热氮除硫工艺研究

目的 降低硫磺回收装置停工除硫期间尾气中SO₂排放量。方法 对比传统燃料气除硫及热氮除硫工艺的技术特点、原理及优缺点,采用Aspen Plus软件进行模拟计算,并结合热氮除硫工艺的技术特点,对3个阶段的除硫流程进行优化操作。结果 通过对比分析及Aspen Plus软件模拟计算结果可知,热氮除硫技术可降低硫磺回收装置停工期间的SO₂排放量,将排放尾气中SO₂质量浓度控制在400 mg/m³以下。结论 采用热氮除硫工艺可解决硫磺回收装置停工除硫期间尾气SO₂排放量大的问题,但也存在N₂消耗量大、停工除硫时间长等问题。今后,在优化N₂消耗量、缩短停工除硫时间的基础上,热氮除硫技术将会得到推广应用。     

加氢裂化装置生产工业白油的技术开发与工业应用

目的 降低炼厂的柴汽比,提高企业经济效益。方法 对惠州石化4.0 Mt/a蜡油加氢裂化装置生产5号工业白油的可行性进行了分析,认为通过提高柴油馏分初馏点实现生产5号工业白油产品是可行的。前期,装置已通过主分馏塔降压调整、增设蒸汽汽提塔和原柴油汽提塔再沸器改蒸汽汽提工艺3种方式提高柴油初馏点,均未取得良好的运行效果。鉴于以上3种工艺的局限性,开发了热氮气气提工艺,工艺采用热氮气气提替代柴油汽提塔塔底再沸器,主分馏塔塔顶排出不凝气,以维持塔压稳定。结果 该工艺实施后,装置生产合格白油60 t/h,航煤产量增加14 t/h,不凝气产量增加1.3 t/h,不再产柴油产品;白油产品开口闪点由85℃提高至126℃,解决了开口闪点低和产品含水问题。结论 采用该工艺生产的5号工业白油产品性质稳定,满足行业指标的要求,装置改造工程量小,经济效益显著,对国内外同类装置的生产优化具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Influence of barrier on partial discharge activity by a conducting particle in liquid nitrogen under AC voltages adopting UHF technique

The UHF signals are generated due to PD formed by particle movement in liquid nitrogen under AC voltages. The levitation voltage of a particle in liquid nitrogen measured through UHF technique and by conventional PD measurement technique is the same, confirming the sensitivity of UHF technique for identification of PD activity. The frequency content of UHF signal generated due to particle movement in liquid nitrogen, under AC voltages, lies in the range 0.5–1.5 GHz. The characteristics of UHF signal generated due to particle movement between the barrier and high voltage/ground electrode is much similar to the signal generated by particle movement in clean electrode gap. Pseudo resonance phenomena can occur in liquid nitrogen due to particle movement. It is also observed that the partial discharge magnitude, in general, be high when the particle moves between the barrier and high voltage electrode when compared to the barrier and the ground electrode. Percentage of clay in epoxy nanocomposites has not altered the levitation voltage of the particle in the electrode gap. Zero span analysis clearly indicates that pseudo resonance occurs when particle moves (in a short gap) between the barrier and high voltage/ground electrode.     

Genetic Variation of Maize Hybrids in Grain Yield Response to Potassium and Inhibiting Nitrification

Nine maize hybrids were grown under five N levels with or without a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin or an experimental inhibitor, XDE474) to evaluate the effect of inhibiting nitrification on grain yield performance and cannibalisation of nutrients from vegetative tissues during kernel maturation. Grain yield response of these hybrids also was evaluated under a paired combination of four N levels and two K levels. Hybrids responded differently to N, the form of N, and K treatments, and there appeared to be a genetic basis for preference of the form of N (ammonium versus nitrate nitrition). Crosses that involved the Mo17 family responded positively to inhibiting nitrification which provided a larger portion of the N in the ammonium form, but incorporation of early maturing genes reduced the positive response to ammonium nutrition. Like ammonium nutrition, maize hybrids showed a differential response to K treatments, and the availability of a large amount of K early in the growing season produced a negative effect on grain yield. The experimental nitrification inhibitor, XDE474, was more effective than nitrapyrin in increasing grain yield and minimising cannibalisation of nutrients in the leaf tissue.