Ti-Cr合金的非等温氧化及着火预测(英文)

采用热重分析、XRD和SEM等方法研究Ti-Cr合金(0≤w(Cr)≤25%)从室温至1723K的非等温氧化行为及氧化膜的微观结构,探讨Cr元素对Ti-Cr合金抗氧化能力的影响机制。结果表明:当Cr含量小于某一临界值wC时,随着Cr含量的增加合金的抗氧化能力降低;当Cr含量高于wC时,随着Cr含量的增加合金的抗氧化能力提高;当温度高到1000K时,Ti-Cr合金的氧化仍符合抛物线规律,且主要发生钛的氧化;Ti-Cr合金氧化后基体中存在氧扩散层,氧化膜主要为金红石型TiO2,内层氧化膜出现富Cr现象,Cr氧化物的析出提高了Ti-Cr合金的抗氧化能力。金属和合金的着火是一个快速非等温氧化的过程,预测了Ti-Cr合金着火阶段的氧化机制。     

W／O微乳液法制备Fe-Co-Ni合金和复合物纳米颗粒材料及其磁性能研究

摘要：在水／司班-80／正丁醇／正庚烷组成的微乳液系统中,用KBH。还原相应的金属离子成功地制备了Fe—Co--Ni合金纳米质点．Fe—co—Ni合金和复合物纳米微粒的晶体结构、相变性质用X射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TG）和示差扫描量热仪（DSC）作了考察．过程参数对合金和复合物组成、相变以及形态特征的影响用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线能量散射谱（EDS）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和电子衍射（ED）进行了分析,结果表明Fe—Co—Ni的合金化将形成三元金属复合物纳米结构．合金的磁性质用环形AC磁场作了研究．结果表明,Fe—Co—Ni合金和三元金属复合物纳米质点当其在150～400℃退火后,呈现松针和山丘状,其长度和直径分别为150nm和20～30nm．磁感应性随煅烧温度的增加而降低;在所有的热分析实验中检测到几个放热过程对应于无定形合金的晶化．对形成Fe—C0-Ni合金和金属复合物的可能机理作了讨论．     

焦炭-CO_2气化动力学的非等温热重法研究

利用Setsys Evolution同步热分析仪,以非等温热重法对焦炭-CO2气化动力学进行了研究。结果显示:当气化温度高于1 200K时,碳转化率和气化反应速率均显著增大;当气化温度达到1 500K左右时,焦炭的气化反应速率达到最大值。由相关系数可知,改良Coats-Redfern积分法是求取焦炭-CO2气化反应动力学参数的较好方法。鞍钢焦炭的活化能大于宝钢焦炭。宝钢焦炭的气化性能优于相同粒度的鞍钢焦炭。     

Influence of Specimen Geometry of Hot Torsion Test on Temperature Distribution During Reheating Treatment of APIX70

The commercial finite element package ANSYSTM was utilized for prediction of temperature distribution during reheating treatment of hot torsion test (HTT) samples with different geometries for APIX70 microalloyed steel. Simulation results show that an inappropriate choice of test specimen geometry and reheating conditions before deformation could lead to nonuniform temperature distribution within the gauge section of specimen. Therefore, assumptions of isothermal experimental conditions and zero temperature gradient within the specimen cross section appear unjustified and led to uncertainties of flow curve obtained. Recommendations on finding proper specimen geometry for reducing temperature gradient along the gauge part of specimen will be given to create homogeneous initial microstructure as much as possible before deformation in order to avoid uncertainty in consequent results of HTT.     

Thermal degradation behavior and kinetic analysis of poly(L-lactide) in nitrogen and air atmosphere

The non-isothermal and isothermal degradation behaviors and kinetics of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) were studied by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) in nitrogen and air atmosphere, respectively. At lower heating rate ((5–10)°C/min), PLLA starts to decompose in air at lower temperature than those in nitrogen atmosphere; however, at higher heating rate ((20–40)°C/min), the starting decomposition temperature in air are similar to those in nitrogen atmosphere, not only showing that PLLA has better thermal stability in nitrogen than in air atmosphere, but also suggesting that the faster heating rate will decrease the decomposition of PLLA in thermal processing. Whether in air or in nitrogen atmosphere, the decomposition of PLLA has only one-stage degradation with a first-order decomposed reaction, suggesting that the molecular chains of PLLA have the similar decomposed kinetics. The average apparent activation energy of non-isothermal thermal degradation (Ē_non) calculated by Ozawa theory are 231.7kJ·mol⁻¹ in air and 181.6kJ·mol⁻¹ in nitrogen; while the average apparent activation energy of isothermal degradation (Ē_iso) calculated by Flynn method are 144.0kJ·mol⁻¹ in air and 129.2kJ·mol⁻¹ in nitrogen, also suggesting that PLLA is easier to decompose in air than in nitrogen. Moreover, the decomposed products of PLLA are also investigated by using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS). In air atmosphere the volatilization products are more complex than those in nitrogen because the oxidation reaction occurring produces some oxides groups.     

Experiment-driven electrochemical modeling and systematic parameterization for a lithium-ion battery cell

This paper presents a novel electrochemical lithium-ion cell model which can be used in battery control units. Based on classical single-particle approaches, a lumped-parameter nonlinear model is developed that is able to predict accurately the terminal voltages for arbitrary loads, and even for potentiostatic operation. The key points are: (1) an incorporation of the electrolyte potential, (2) a modal decomposition of the partial differential equation of the liquid phase lithium-ion concentration, (3) a correct handling of the SOC-dependent diffusivity in the insertion materials of both electrodes, and (4) a consideration of temperature-dependent kinetic processes. A combined parameter analysis and identification is successfully applied for the parameterization of the model. Using a Fisher-information matrix approach in combination with a sensitivity analysis, the identifiability of each parameter is estimated in dependence on the measurement information. Using this information, it is possible to choose a small number of relevant experiments which are sufficient to fully parameterize the model.     

十溴二苯醚热解动力学及在聚苯乙烯中的热解行为

十溴二苯醚(decaBDE)是多种聚苯乙烯(PS)类塑料阻燃添加剂,其热解动力学对开发新型高效的电子塑料安全处置技术具有十分重要的意义,为此采用普适积分法成功关联了氮气中decaBDE的热解动力学参数。结果表明:固体decaBDE在306℃时熔融为液相并在400~450℃进一步汽化为气相,热重/红外(TG/IR)分析表明,其气相产物组成具有与decaBDE相同的红外特征;decaBDE热解过程可用三维扩散模型关联。进而通过对比分析decaBDE、PS和含decaBDE的阻燃PS样品的TG实验结果,发现阻燃塑料样品在热解时存在decaBDE与PS间的相互作用,表现为热解起始温度的降低和终止温度的升高。TG/IR分析表明:阻燃塑料样品的热解气相产物中不存在游离的HBr,decaBDE热解时产生的活性基团改变了PS的降解反应历程,使其气相产物具有与1,3-二苯基丁烷类似的红外特征。     

羟基酪醇酶促聚合产物的表征及其抗氧化和热稳定性

利用漆酶对羟基酪醇（hydroxytyrosol,HT）进行酶促氧化聚合,运用紫外-可见分光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱、凝胶色谱和液相色谱-质谱联用对聚合产物进行表征。结果表明,形成的聚合物呈现多分散性（D=2.1）,主要生成了三聚体、四聚体、六聚体化合物。同时,以VC和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（dibutyl hydroxy toluene,BHT）为阳性对照,分别通过清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基和热重-傅里叶变换红外光谱（thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,TG-FTIR）联用的方法对其进行抗氧化性及热稳定性评价。结果表明,HT聚合物较HT和BHT具有更强的抗氧化性,分别约是其2.28?倍和5.7?倍,接近于VC（约是其72%）。基于热重微分曲线峰值温度（315.1?℃）和残余质量所占百分比（66.09%）结果可知,HT聚合物的热稳定性较VC（228.1?℃）、BHT（236.2?℃）和HT（314.9?℃）更强,且FTIR结果表明,HT聚合物及其他受试化合物均是以羟基断裂开始,脱氢形成醌式结构或脱水碳碳双键。这些数据可为HT的深加工利用提供理论和实践基础。     

氧气体积分数与升温速率对弱黏煤燃烧特性的影响

采用热重实验研究氧气体积分数和升温速率对弱黏煤燃烧特性的影响,通过分析TG/DTG曲线得出样品的特征温度和反应速率,基于样品的特征温度和反应速率计算得到样品的燃烧特性参数。研究结果表明,改变氧气体积分数和升温速率对煤的着火温度影响不大,主要对煤的燃烧阶段产生影响。提高升温速率会延长煤的氧化反应历程,使煤各特征温度升高,并且增大煤的氧化反应速率;提高氧气体积分数会缩短煤的氧化反应历程,使煤各特征温度降低,并增大煤的氧化反应速率。在煤的氧化过程中,改变氧气体积分数和升温速率都能对煤的特征温度和燃烧特性参数造成影响,但氧气体积分数对他们的影响要大于升温速率造成的影响。     

燕麦麸皮球蛋白的糖基化结构修饰及功能性变化

在氨基葡萄糖存在的条件下,利用转谷氨酰胺酶(transglutaminase,TG)对燕麦麸皮球蛋白糖基化结构修饰,进而探讨糖基化蛋白功能性质与结构之间的关系。结果表明,糖基化交联球蛋白的溶解性、乳化稳定性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性相比于未修饰的球蛋白都有明显的改善,但表面疏水性明显下降;另外,酶促糖基化球蛋白的变性温度和焓变值都有所下降,其二级结构变化为:α-螺旋结构相对含量呈增加趋势,β-折叠和β-转角结构相对含量呈下降趋势,无规卷曲结构相对含量几乎没变。经糖基化处理的球蛋白酪氨酸分子主要呈现"暴露态",色氨酸相对拉曼强度更趋近于"包埋态"。酶促糖基化球蛋白二硫键振动模式为t-g-t。通过对球蛋白、修饰球蛋白的功能特性与空间构象的比较分析,明确TG催化葡萄糖结合在燕麦麸球蛋白上,进一步明晰修饰蛋白功能特性与空间构象之间的构效关系。结果可为延长杂粮产业链提供良好的理论依据,同时可以为今后制备燕麦蛋白特定产品进行分子设计和重组提供基础数据。