Study on characteristics of Ni-W-B composites containing CeO2 nano-particles prepared by pulse electrodeposition

Ni-W-B composites containing CeO2 nano-particles on the surface of 45 steel were prepared by pulse electrodeposition,and the in-fluence of pulse frequency,pulse duty circle and heat treatment temperature on the structures and properties were investigated.The results in-dicated that the pulse co-deposition of Ni,W,B and CeO2 nano-particles led to Ni-W-B/CeO2 composites possessing higher microhardness and better wear resistance when heat-treated at 400 oC for 1 h.The microhardness of 636 HV and the deposition rate of 0.0281 mm/h of the as-deposited alloy were the highest at pulse frequency of 1000 Hz,pulse duty circle of 10% and pulse average current density of 10 A/dm2.The composites were mainly in the amorphous state and were partially crystallized as-deposited,and the crystallization trend was strength-ened when heat-treated at 400 oC.Decreasing pulse duty cycle from 75% to 10% was favorable to the refinement in grain structures and im-provement of microstructures.The crystal sizes of the composites were smaller by means of pulse electrodeposition.     

颗粒弥散陶瓷的内应力分布及光弹性分析

本文详细分析了颗粒增强复相陶瓷内部的应力大小及分布状态，建立了单种颗粒及多种颗粒复合时瓷体的残余应力模型，并通过计算机模拟其应力的平面分布，采用光弹性应力分析加以验证．     

树脂浸渍补充增密对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

将CVD预增密至不同初始密度的C／C复合材料进行树脂浸渍／炭化补充增密至1.85g/cm^3，热处理后进行热物理性能的检测和不同刹车压力的摩擦磨损试验。结果表明，树脂浸渍／炭化是一种行之有效的快速致密化手段，所得制品的可石墨化性较好，导热性能也满足国外同类产品的要求；摩擦磨损试验和扫描电镜（SEM）观察结果表明，低一压力下形成的磨屑粒度明显大于高压下的磨屑，因而低压下的摩擦数高于高刹车压力下的摩擦系数。低压下的树脂炭对摩擦磨损的影响相对较大。     

石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸的制备与性能研究

本研究以耐高温的芳纶短切纤维和芳纶沉析纤维为纸基纤维材料,导电性优良的碳纤维为导电骨架,石墨烯为电磁屏蔽增强材料,结合抄纸和涂布工艺制备得到石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸。结果表明,制备的石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸具有“三明治结构”,其厚度为333.9 μm时,在X波段的电磁屏蔽效能SE_T高达70.3 dB,电导率高达1 685 S/m,兼有较好的耐高温性和耐腐蚀性。     

Inorganic/Organic Double‐Network Gels Containing Ionic Liquids

Highly robust ion gels, termed double‐network (DN) ion gels, composed of inorganic/organic interpenetrating networks and a large amount of ionic liquids (ILs), are fabricated. The DN ion gels with an 80 wt% IL content show extraordinarily high mechanical strength: more than 28 MPa of compressive fracture stress. In the DN ion gel preparation, a brittle inorganic network of physically bonded silica nanoparticles and a ductile organic network of polydimethylacrylamide (PDMAAm) are formed in the IL. Because of the different reaction mechanisms of the inorganic/organic networks, the DN ion gels can be formed by an easy and free‐shapeable one‐pot synthesis. They can be prepared in a controllable manner by manipulating the formation order of the inorganic and organic networks via not only multistep but also single‐step processes. When silica particles form a network prior to the PDMAAm network formation, DN ion gels can be prepared. The brittle silica particle network in the DN ion gel, serving as sacrificial bonds, easily ruptures under loading to dissipate energy, while the ductile PDMAAm network maintains the shape of the material by the rubber elasticity. Given the reversible physical bonding between the silica particles, the DN ion gels exhibit a significant degree of self‐recovery by annealing.     

非平衡气动加热条件下的材料热响应差异研究

针对风洞烧蚀试验中碳/碳与超高温陶瓷两种复合材料存在热响应差异的问题,本文从材料壁面催化与非平衡流场气动加热的机理出发,基于两种风洞设备设计了3个烧蚀试验状态,并对可能影响材料热响应的重要因素进行了分析.结果表明:在不同试验设备条件下,碳/碳端头驻点温度差异主要是由试验状态调试偏差和温度测量偏差造成的,而超高温陶瓷端头驻点温度的差异主要是由不同条件气流非平衡度不同、试件表面实际接受的热流不同造成;对碳/碳材料而言,由于其壁面催化特性接近完全催化壁面,在试验设备选择或状态调试时,可以不必考虑流场非平衡度的影响;而对于超高温陶瓷材料,在试验设备的选择上,则需要结合风洞非平衡流场特点,对试验考核的有效性做充分评估.相关结论可为碳/碳、超高温陶瓷复合材料防热性能的考核与评价提供参考与借鉴.     

相变微胶囊材料导热增强研究进展

相变微胶囊将相变材料包封在壳材中,有效解决了相变材料的泄漏等问题,是一种性能良好的相变储能材料,在热能储存领域具有广泛的应用。但因其壳材的存在削弱了内部相变材料与外部环境间的热传导,降低了相变微胶囊的热导率,制约了其实际应用范围。因此,对相变微胶囊进行改性是增强导热的有效途径。本文介绍相变微胶囊的组成与结构,并从声子-声子与电子-声子相互作用的角度,概述微观尺度下的导热机理。在此基础上,分别从芯材和壳材2个方面对相变微胶囊导热增强改性进行阐述,通过定量数据和导热机理对改性相变微胶囊的导热增强效果进行分析论述,同时,概括了改性相变微胶囊在纺织调温、浆料和建筑领域的应用。最后,对相变微胶囊导热性能增强的研究前景和挑战以及实际应用方向进行了展望。     

Ambient flash sintering of reduced graphene oxide/zirconia composites:Role of reduced graphene oxide

Fabrication of graphene/ceramic composites commonly requires a high-temperature sintering step with long times as well as a vacuum or inert atmosphere,which not only results in property degradation but also significant equipment complexity and manufacturing costs.In this work,the ambient flash sintering behavior of reduced graphene oxide/3 mol% yttria-stabilized ZrO₂(rGO/3 YSZ) composites utilizing rGO as both a composite component and a conductive additive is reported.When the sintering condition is carefully optimized,a dense and conductive composite can be achieved at room temperature and in the air within 20 s.The role of the rGO in the FS of the rGO/3 YSZ composites is elucidated,especially with the assistance of a separate investigation on the thermal runaway behavior of the rGO.The work suggests a promising fabrication route for rGO/ceramic composites where the vacuum and furnace are not needed,which is of interest in terms of simplifying the fabrication equipment for energy and cost savings.     

A statistical micromechanical model of multiple cracking for ultra high toughness cementitious composites

A new statistical micromechanical model of multiple cracking is proposed in which a general expression of the fiber bridging stress laws in the crack plane is established. In this model, the random distribution properties of fibers are considered. And the Weibull function is adopted to represent the flaw size distribution. The relationships of stress versus strain and crack width versus strain are proposed. The formulas of the crack width, crack space, strain capacity and fracture energy density at the end of multiple cracking processes are also deduced. The validity of the proposed model was demonstrated by experimental results.