水性光油的研制

以丙烯酸树脂作为分散树脂 ,苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯等作为混合单体进行乳液聚合制得水性上光油 ,制备时以流平剂 VA与乳化蜡 1∶ 1、甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的 1∶ 1、分散剂用高酸值的水溶性丙烯酸树脂为宜。所制得乳液性能与市售品相比吸水率稍偏高 ,光泽度优于市售品 ,其他性能均相当。     

Epoxidation of soybean oil by the methyltrioxorhenium-CH2Cl2/H2O2 catalytic biphasic system

We studied the methyltrioxorhenium (MTO)-CH₂Cl₂/H₂O₂ biphasic system for epoxidizing soybean oil. The reactions were optimized (reactant ratio, time, and temperature), which resulted in a better performance (higher conversion and selectivity) than those described in the literature. Total doublebond conversion and 95% selectivity were obtained in 2 h at room temperature. Furthermore, it was possible to reach desired epoxidation degrees by changing the oxidant and MTO amounts. The rhenium-epoxidized soybean oil remained stable in the absence of stabilizers for up to 30 d when stored at mild conditions.     

Water-retaining ability of diacylglycerol

The water-in-oil emulsification characteristics and the adsorption properties of DAG at the oil/water interface were investigated for DAG having different FA compositions. The water-retaining ability of DAG is dependent on the FA composition but is not dependent on the interfacial tension at the oil/water interface in a simple way. The water-retaining ability is very different between uni-chain DAG (two FA have the same chain length) and complex-chain DAG (one FA is oleic acid and the other has a shorter alkyl chain). Uni-chain DAG, having long FA chains (R=C₁₂ or C_18∶1) have the ability to emulsify water at the volume fraction of 80% (ϕ80%), but uni-chain DAG with short or medium chain-length FA (R=C₃, C₄, C₆, C₈) show little ability to retain water. For complex-chain DAG, all the DAG studied here (R₁=C_18∶1, R₂=C₂−C₁₂) have the ability to emulsify water at ϕ80%. The stability of the emulsions, however, varies with the chain length of the R₂ FA (R₂ stability order: C₂, C₃>C_18∶1, C₁₀>C₈>C₄, C₆). The relationship between the water-retaining ability and the molecular structure of DAG is discussed from the viewpoint of intra- and intermolecular interactions between the FA chains.     

几种抑菌材料对化妆品中腐败菌的抑制作用比较

用固体培养基体外抑菌法，研究了不同浓度壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Germallplus、茶树油等对化妆品检验中常采用的指示菌的抑制效果及其最低杀菌浓度，并以对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为比较，考察了它们的抑菌动力学曲线。结果表明：壳聚糖、壳寡糖、Cermallplus和茶树油等对各种菌都有一定程度的抑制作用。     

絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用

综述了絮凝剂的种类、用途和作用原理，分析了国内外絮凝剂技术的现状及发展方向。并就絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用现状做了描述，指出大庆油田的水质特性及对絮凝剂的要求，提出了今后的工作重点。     

Adsorption isotherms of pigments from alkali-refined vegetable oils with clay minerals

Adsorption isotherms of pigments from alkali-refined oils (rapeseed, soybean, wheatgerm, safflower, corn, cottonseed and sunflower) were measured to investigate the applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and to elucidate the adsorption characteristics of pigments on sepiolites and standard activated clay. The Freundlich equation was more applicable to the experimental adsorption isotherms. The equilibrium amount adsorbed, acidity, pore size distribution and inflection of the Freundlich isotherms could be explained by assuming that pigments were adsorbed on the stronger acid sites in smaller pores at low concentration, and then in the larger ones when the concentration increased. The amount adsorbed increased with a rise in adsorption temperatures from 70 to 110°C, and the heat of adsorption was below 10 kcal/mol. The results indicate that pigments were physically adsorbed on the acid sites activated at higher adsorption temperatures.     

基于CFD的新型结构静压油垫数值仿真技术

为了提高重载数控机床静压转台的承载能力和油膜刚度,提出了一种具有多环形流道油腔和阻尼型封油边结构的新型静压油垫,并对其性能进行了研究.在对静压油垫结构优化设计的基础上,利用CFD(computationalfluid dynamics)数值仿真技术,采用二维轴对称流动模型对新型结构静压油垫的流场特性进行了仿真分析,得到了新型静压油垫的内部流场特性,计算出油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度,并与单腔体、单平面封油边结构的静压油垫进行了对比.研究表明:新型静压油垫能通过在阻尼流道和阻尼槽内形成紊流,增加流动液阻,实现压力增益,并可在阻尼槽处产生局部静压效应,从而使新型结构静压油垫的承载能力和油膜刚度较传统结构静压油垫有所提高;此外,采用CFD技术有助于对复杂结构的静压油垫进行优化设计与性能计算,从而提高设计效率和计算准确性.     

渗铬P110钢在CO2饱和模拟油田采出液中的耐蚀性

为了提高P110油套管钢的表面性能,以满足其在油田环境下服役的要求,采用包埋法对P110钢进行渗铬处理.借助扫描电镜、能谱仪和x射线衍射仪,对渗铬层的表面形貌、显微组织、成分分布和相结构进行了分析和表征,利用电化学测试技术测定P110钢及其渗铬层在CO₂饱和模拟油田采出液中的开路电位、极化曲线和交流阻抗谱.结果表明：渗铬层由Cr₂₃C₆、Cr₇C₃和（Cr,Fe）₇ C₃等相构成,且均匀、连续,与P110钢相比,具有更高的开路电位和电荷转移电阻及更低的电流密度和腐蚀速率.渗铬处理显著提高了P110钢的耐蚀性.     

纳米微球深部调驱技术在河流相稠油油田中的应用及效果评价

结合纳米微球深部调驱油藏应用条件,在河流相稠油油田中进行了技术应用可行性评价,同时通过矿场实践后,用注水井压力指数和充满度、油井净增油量法对其进行了效果评价.纳米微球深部调驱技术在该油田中的成功应用,为同类注水开发油田的增产探索出一条新途径.     

采油微生物发酵液中各组分对原油量测定的影响

原油量的测定是原油及其产品分析的必要环节,根据芳香烃在255nm具有特征吸收峰,可以通过测定芳香烃量间接表征原油量。本研究采用紫外分光光度法测定原油量,分析采油微生物发酵液中各组分、pH和采油微生物细胞内含物对原油量测定的影响。结果表明,上述因素对该方法测定原油量均没有显著影响,采用紫外分光光度法可以快速、准确地测定微生物采油过程中的原油量。