除油好氧降解菌的筛选与除油效果初探

为筛选降解含油废水中石油烃的好氧降解菌株，选用炼油厂石油废水处理站曝气池活性污泥作为菌源，采用平板分离，得到39株菌。利用得到的菌株对含油废水中的CODcr和油进行降解效果试验，并进行混合菌的联合试验，确定出混合菌中假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp）和芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp）为优势菌属。通过单株菌与混合菌降解试验的比较，结果表明全混合菌的降解效果明显优于单株菌，从而说明共代谢作用增强了微生物的降解能力。试验表明，经过驯化后的混合菌，其降解效率稳定。     

火力发电厂含油污水处理方法探讨

利用电厂现有的隔油池作为初级处理装置,在出水口增加充填除油剂的处理设备作为后级处理装置,水质可以达标排放或循环使用且油处理剂不会对环境造成二次污染,说明这是一种经济、有效的污水处理方法。     

磁分离法处理含油废水研究

研究了磁分离法处理含动植物油废水的原理和工艺条件结果表明,当废水含油量为１１２～１８５５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＣＯＤＣｒ为２８００～８０２０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,用磁分离法处理,可使油和ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率分别达到８５％和７５％以上磁分离的磁种（粉）需用量为２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,并可重复利用本文所用的磁粉由本课题组研究制备     

热化学清洗法处理罐底油泥的研究

为解决罐底油泥的环境问题,采用新型环保清洗剂配方,选用热化学清洗法,研究了该清洗剂对罐底油泥的热化学清洗效果的影响。通过生物显微镜观察清洗后浮油的结构,以及测定油的回收率,确定最佳清洗条件为:清洗剂质量分数为1.2%,清洗时间为60 min。最佳清洗时,罐底油泥能够充分进行三相分离,油回收率可达92.5%,可以有效回收原油,减少环境污染。     

Lipid distribution on cotton textiles in relation to washing with cellulase

Enzymes are used widely as effective additives to laundry detergents for improved detergency on soiled fabric. They have potential for cleaning of “dingy” soils in addition to the stain removal benefits. Cellulases contribute to the overall whiteness of cotton-containing textiles when worn and washed several times, meaning that their cleaning is not associated solely with the regions characterized by high amounts of fatty material, e.g., collars/cuffs. The focus of this research was to study further the performance of cellulases for whiteness maintenance of cotton textiles. Cotton garments soiled by multiple wearings and washed using a cellulase treatment were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Washing with cellulase significantly reduced residual soil concentrations at all morphological locations on the cotton fibers for each set of matched garments. The relative concentrations of residual soil on the fabrics agreed well with the color differences measured at 440 nm. Cellulase affected removal of oily soil from within the cotton fiber secondary wall, resulting in residual oil concentrations similar to those at morphological locations that were more accessible for detergency such as the fiber surface and crenulations. Since cellulase hydrolyzes cellulose, it was expected that the effect would be within the structure of the fiber, i.e., secondary wall. The cellulase effect on redeposition garments was similar to garments worn and washed. As with lipase, the enhanced removal of soil from the interior bulk structure of the cotton fiber with use of cellulase is unique, since most other detergent components have higher functionality at fabric, yarn, and fiber surfaces. We think that cellulase is functioning by hydrolyzing cellulose from the internal surfaces of fibrils within the secondary wall, opening up the pore structure for enhanced detergency and forming a new surface with each washing.     

Investigation of shipyard wastewater treatment using electrocoagulation process with Al electrodes

In this study, shipyard oily wastewater treatment was investigated by electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum electrodes in a batch reactor by evaluating different operation conditions. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 88.83% was obtained at current density of 3 mA/cm². The removal efficiency was gradually improved with increasing current density and decreased with increasing COD concentration. However, initial pH value was not determinant factor for this process. Total energy and electrode cost were calculated as $0.88 per m³ treated wastewater. The result of this research shows that EC process seems to be an efficient method for the oily wastewater treatment.     

含油污水的无机膜分离技术

本文对无机膜在处理含油污水领域的研究进展和应用现状进行了评述;分析了无机膜分离含油污水应用技术的特点及所存在的若干问题,并提出了几点建议.     

Recent observations on the occurrence of fishy flavour in bacon

An examination of reject bacon samples supplied directly from a factory showed that some samples described by a sensory panel as oily and fishy contained significantly higher levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their fat than normal samples. When bacon samples obtained from retail outlets were similarly analysed and then subjected to sensory assessment, those found to contain long chain PUFA were given significantly higher scores for oily and fishy flavour. Observations on the fatty acid composition of fishy bacon samples as compared to non-fishy ones and further investigation into the diets of pigs producing suspect carcasses led to the conclusion that too high a content of fish products in the diet was the main cause of the problem. Contrary to what had been believed, fresh non-fishy bacon samples did not develop fishy flavour after storage at ?20°C for 15 weeks. Perceived fishiness was not related to total copper content as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.     

含油废水处理试验装置设计及其试验研究

针对含油废水严重污染环境的问题,设计出一套结构简单、紧凑、能够快速方便地检测各种滤料性能参数的新型试验装置。利用此试验装置对滤料进行试验,结果表明:在进口浓度、进口压力和过滤时间一定的情况下,α-纤维素和核桃壳的出口浓度随进口流量的增加而增大;除油效率随进口浓度的增大先增大后减小;核桃壳更有利于反冲洗。