轮椅车动态测试系统的研制

为了对轮椅车的各项性能指标按国家标准进行检测,针对各种规格的手推式轮椅和电动轮椅,按照国标与欧标所述的测试要求与测试方法,研制了一套轮椅测试系统。采用模块化的设计思路,实现测试系统的有效整合。按功能不同,整套系统分为传动模块、轴距调整模块、电动轮椅／手推式轮椅切换模块、轮椅车夹持模块、控制模块等。重点叙述了轴距调整模块、电动轮椅／手推式轮椅切换模块与轮椅车夹持模块。该系统经过实验表明,它能够对前后轮间距为350～1500mm的轮椅车进行颠簸测试,并可测试电动轮椅在0—40°斜坡上的爬坡能力,能对电动轮椅与手推式轮椅进行切换。系统具有测试精度高、操作简便、可靠性高等优点,具有较大的推广价值。     

用于车载充电的双向CLLC变换器设计

为拓宽车载充电机（on-board charger, OBC）双向充放电工作范围并提高充电效率,用PFC（power factor correction）级联高效CLLC(电容-电感-电感-电容)谐振拓扑实现电网电压与电池电压之间能量双向转换。同时为解决CLLC谐振拓扑在宽范围工作时参数设计困难的问题,提出一种参数设计及优化方法,采用基波分析法（fundamental harmonic analysis, FHA）对谐振网络建模,推导充放电增益的归一化方程,提取出影响谐振变换器增益和效率的关键参数,对比分析关键参数的变化对拓扑各项性能的影响规律,进而总结参数的设计及优化原则。结果表明:影响谐振变换器双向运行最重要的参数是匝数比和谐振电容,其中变压器匝数比主要影响CLLC变换器的充放电效率,谐振电容值影响充放电宽范围输出的最佳工作区,通过分析给出了双向传输功率同等级时匝数比和谐振电容的最佳取值范围。应用CLLC拓扑,双向车载充电机可实现双向超宽范围运行,整机充电效率最高可达94.5%,CLLC效率可达97.5%。     

基于OBD系统故障模拟装置的开发与研究

基于OBD系统必须监测的失火故障及氧传感器故障,提出了1种新型的失火方式及氧传感器故障模拟方式,设计并开发了1套集失火故障模拟和氧传感器故障模拟于一体的故障模拟装置。通过台架试验和实车试验验证了故障模拟装置的可靠性、准确性及通用性,研究了失火故障对发动机转速、空燃比的影响和氧传感器故障对空燃比的影响。结果表明:在发动机转速分别为1500 r/min和2500 r/min、节气门开度为20%时,以2%和4%的失火率来控制发动机失火时,失火控制精确;空燃比因气缸失火而升高;不同氧传感器故障对空燃比的影响程度有所区别,时间延迟对空燃比的影响最明显。     

船上加工鱿鱼熟片的品质特性

目的:研究船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片的品质特性,对比船上加工、岸上加工对秘鲁鱿鱼熟片品质特性的影响。方法:利用扫描电子显微镜及苏木精-伊红染色观察其微观结构变化;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)分析蛋白组成变化情况;通过测定蛋白疏水性、巯基和羰基含量分析肌肉蛋白氧化变性程度;利用质构仪分析质构特性;检测鱼片中挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、甲醛含量及pH值,并对其进行感官评价。结果:SDS-PAGE结果显示船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片与鱿鱼原料的蛋白条带基本吻合,没有明显的条带产生或消失,全质构分析发现两者在硬度和弹性指标方面不存在显著差异(P0.05);与岸上加工鱿鱼熟片相比,船上加工鱿鱼熟片肌原纤维结构破坏少,表面疏水性低,溴酚蓝结合量为25.22μg,蛋白质变性少,巯基含量为38.98 nmol/mgpro,氧化程度低,羰基含量为0.92 nmol/mg pro;感官评价显示船上加工鱿鱼熟片色泽白皙、较有光泽,具有浓郁的鱿鱼香味,总体接受度高达9.78分。结论:船上加工秘鲁鱿鱼熟片肌肉组织坚实富有弹性,蛋白损失少,TVB-N含量为29.25 mg/100 g,符合GB 2733—2005《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》,总体品质比岸上加工鱿鱼熟片好,适于二次加工利用。     

Regulatory framework and business models for charging plug-in electric vehicles: Infrastructure,agents, and commercial relationships

Electric vehicles (EVs) present efficiency and environmental advantages over conventional transportation. It is expected that in the next decade this technology will progressively penetrate the market. The integration of plug-in electric vehicles in electric power systems poses new challenges in terms of regulation and business models. This paper proposes a conceptual regulatory framework for charging EVs. Two new electricity market agents, the EV charging manager and the EV aggregator, in charge of developing charging infrastructure and providing charging services are introduced. According to that, several charging modes such as EV home charging, public charging on streets, and dedicated charging stations are formulated. Involved market agents and their commercial relationships are analysed in detail. The paper elaborates the opportunities to formulate more sophisticated business models for vehicle-to-grid applications under which the storage capability of EV batteries is used for providing peak power or frequency regulation to support the power system operation. Finally penetration phase dependent policy and regulatory recommendations are given concerning time-of-use pricing, smart meter deployment, stable and simple regulation for reselling energy on private property, roll-out of public charging infrastructure as well as reviewing of grid codes and operational system procedures for interactions between network operators and vehicle aggregators.     

光学传感器星上定标漫射板的特性测量

为了考察星上定标漫射板的光学特性及其在航天环境下的稳定性,对其进行了方向半球反射比(DHR)、双向反射比因子(BRF)、双向反射分布函数(BRDF)等反射特性的测量;同时,进行了系列环境模拟试验.结果显示:星上定标漫射板反射率在可见近红外波段可达0.99,光谱差异＜0.01,在短波红外波段达0.95以上;10～60°BRF变化低于0.1, 0～60°BRDF变化＜0.045,其方向特性与光谱、紫外辐照关系不大;漫射板350 nm反射率在120 h等效紫外辐照下的衰变＜3%,其光学特性受原子氧、质子轰击影响甚微,并通过了航天级力学环境试验.试验研究表明:漫射板具备高反射率、光谱平坦性、朗伯性及其在航天环境下的稳定性,能够满足航天应用要求.     

Evaluation of changes in power wheelchair maneuver induced by a downhill turning prevention control on cross sloped surfaces

In order to improve direction stability of a power wheelchair on a cross‐sloped surface, a downhill turning prevention control (DTPC) has been developed by some researchers and wheelchair suppliers. The DTPC‐induced effect on wheelchair maneuver, however, has not been well clarified. In this study, we quantitatively assessed DTPC‐induced changes in joystick control strategies during a driving task on a cross‐sloped test course. Among several evaluation measures calculated from the joystick inputs during the test trials, the x‐axis joystick displacement amount was found to be significantly decreased by the DTPC. This result suggests that the DTPC can save wheelchair users from the burden of compensation control on cross‐sloped surfaces. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

空间相机软件在轨重注方法研究与实现

随着计算机技术和软件技术的发展,具有高度自治性和灵活性的实时嵌入式系统在航天领域的应用越来越广泛.对这些嵌入式系统往往具有较高的长时间运行的自治性和可靠性要求,因此,对系统在轨维护能力提出了迫切的需求.针对实时嵌入式系统在轨维护需求,提出了一种基于FPGA的嵌入式系统软件在轨重注方法.     

基于UG的康复轮椅设计与仿真分析

为满足下肢残障者和老年人的康复锻炼需要,通过对肢体运动特性分析,采用曲柄连杆机构,设计出既具有普通轮椅的代步功能、又能进行肢体康复运动锻炼的康复轮椅。采用两套传动机构,分别控制人体左右肢体的运动,以满足肢体运动的协调性。利用UG软件对康复轮椅进行三维建模和运动仿真分析,进一步对设计参数进行优化,使其结构合理、安全舒适。     

基于FAST法的手推式轮椅改进设计与分析

阐述了FAST法——功能系统技术法在手推式轮椅设计中的合理化应用.通过建立轮椅的FAST功能树,得到了一系列手推式轮椅的可能设计因素,按照FAST功能树中子功能的列表,主要围绕功能整合、人机关系,建立了手推式轮椅的形态矩阵.并对一款安全稳定的轮椅进行了详细设计,从功能特征、人机尺寸的角度进行了分析.从而验证了FAST法在产品设计中的合理应用.