A comparative study of dynamic, ductile fracture initiation in two specimen configurations

In this work a single edge notched plate (SEN(T)) subjected to a tensile stress pulse is analysed, using a 2D plane strain dynamic finite element procedure. The interaction of the notch with a pre-nucleated hole ahead of it is examined. The background material is modelled by the Gurson constitutive law and ductile failure by microvoid coalescence in the ligament connecting the notch and the hole is simulated. Both rate independent and rate dependent material behaviour is considered. The notch tip region is subjected to a range of loading rates J by varying the peak value and the rise time of the applied stress pulse. The results obtained from these simulations are compared with a three point bend (TPB) specimen subjected to impact loading analysed in an earlier work [3]. The variation of J at fracture initiation, J _c, with average loading rate J is obtained from the finite element simulations. It is found that the functional relationship between J _c and J is fairly independent of the specimen geometry and is only dependent on material behaviour.     

SWRH82B高碳盘条显微组织对断裂韧性JIC的影响

采用单试样法测试了用三种不同工艺生产的SWRH82B高碳盘条的断裂韧性JIC值,计算了材料的KIC值,并对珠光体层片间距进行了测定,探讨了其组织对断裂韧性JIC值的影响。试验结果表明,SWRH82B高碳盘条的珠光体层片间距越细小,JIC值越大;SWRH82B高碳盘条的断裂韧性JIC为14．8～17．3KJ／m,KIC为56．0～60．5MPa／m^1/2。     

基于样本重构的神经网络集成学习方法

在回顾以往神经网络集成的研究成果基础上,提出一种新的负相关学习方法,该方法易于执行,计算量小,有效的消除了学习中的复合线性问题,减小了集成误差,最后用测试用例对该方法进行了考察,证明该方法可以有效的降低集成预测误差,得到较为理想的集成效果。     

钢梁与包覆RC箱型钢柱之梁柱接头耐震性能研究

本研究进行两组“大尺寸梁柱接头”之反复载重试验,以探讨其力学行为与耐震性能。本研究之试体采用钢梁与“受钢筋混凝土包覆之箱型钢柱（简称包覆箱型钢柱或SRC柱）”接合之梁柱接头。此种钢梁与SRC柱接合之构造的主要特点,在于利用SRC柱之劲度、防火与抗压强度方面的长处,又可以发挥钢梁在韧性与施工便捷方面之优点。本研究之试体均符合“强柱弱梁”之原则且梁柱接头区之标称剪力强度均大于该区之需求剪力强度,试体之断面配置均符合台湾SRC设计规范之要求。本研究探讨之重点包含：（1）此种新型梁柱接头之钢梁塑性铰的发展情肜,（2）梁柱接头区混凝土之开裂状况,（3）配置剪力钉对梁柱接头韧性之影响。实验结果显示,由于SRC柱内之箱型钢管断面在X与Y向各有两片腹板,故可以提供梁柱接头区充分的剪力强度,并可抑制接头区的剪力变形,使接头区之混凝土保持良好状态,并无明显开裂之情形,进而确保插入SRC柱的钢梁受到接头区之钢筋混凝土有效的束制,使得钢梁的塑性铰可以远离焊道,最终在SRC柱之混凝土面外约15cm处发展出稳定且充分的塑性变形。换言之,SRC柱接头区的钢筋混凝土具有保护钢骨梁柱接头焊道的功能,该区的钢筋混凝上成功的将钢梁的塑性铰逼离焊道,使钢梁在SRC柱混凝土面外形成良好的塑性铰。本研究之梁柱接头试体在反复载重作用下,可以发展出稳定且饱满的迟滞循环（Hysteretic Loop）。两组接头试体之钢梁塑性转角（Plastic Rotation Angle）达到5．4%和6．0%rad,梁柱接头之层间变位角（Interstory Drift Angle）达到6．2％与6．7％rad,显示此两组梁柱接头均具有优良的塑性变形能力,超过AISC Seismic Provisions（2002）所订4％rad层问变位角之要求。本研究依据有限的试验结果初步证实,在适当设计下,此种型式的梁柱接头将可以发挥良好的耐震性能。     

考虑孔隙比和水力路径影响的非饱和土土水特性研究

以非膨胀性黏土为试验研究的对象,利用压力板法研究了初始孔隙比对不同水力路径下非饱和压实土土水特性的影响。试验结果表明,不同初始孔隙比土水特征曲线均存在明显的滞洄现象;当吸力大于某一值时,以含水率与吸力关系表示的话,不同初始孔隙比主脱湿土水曲线几乎重叠;以饱和度与吸力关系表示,初始孔隙比对土水特征曲线存在较大的影响。还提出归一化处理全吸力范围内不同初始孔隙比土水特征曲线的方法。最后,在归一化的处理方法基础上,提出了考虑初始孔隙比影响的非饱和土滞洄特性的模拟方法,并利用相关实测数据加以验证。     

小型金相试样切割机机械部分的设计

小型自动化金相试样切割机由机械部分和控制部分组成,文中针对机械结构部分进行设计。设计的小型金相试样切割机机械部分由切割机构、进给机构、夹具、机体和冷却系统组成。采用切割系统固定不动、试样进给的切割方式工作。切割机构采用三相变速异步电动机变速驱动,以简化机械结构并实现切割速度可调。三个方向的进给采用步进电机驱动滚珠丝杠来实现。夹具采用了螺旋夹紧机构。     

三轴土样局部变形的数字图像测量方法

在已完成的土样径向变形数字图像测量基础上 ,实现了土样轴向变形和径向变形的同步测量 ,不仅可测量土样整体的平均变形 ,而且可测量土样的局部变形 ,还给出了图像测量系统的理论精度和实际测量精度。用砂土、粉煤灰两种饱和试样进行固结排水剪切试验 ,对采用图像测量方法得到的三轴土样不同部位的局部测量结果和采用传统测量方法得到的整体平均测量结果进行了比较     

我国古生物的保护管理与国家实物地质资料古生物馆藏体系建设的初步探讨

国内古生物资源丰富,生物丰富度和研究程度较高,但是其保护管理现状较为薄弱,亟需解决新途径。古生物馆藏体系和古生物标本信息平台建设,不仅丰富了国家实物地质资料库藏内容,同时也为探索中国古生物保护和保管方式提供更多途径和启示。     

Analysis of a pull-out test with real specimen geometry. Part II: the effect of meniscus

This paper continues our study on the platelet model of the pull-out specimen, in which the matrix droplet shape is approximated by a set of thin parallel disks with the diameters varying along the embedded fiber. Using this model, the fiber tensile stress and the interfacial shear stress profiles were calculated for real-shaped matrix droplets, including menisci (wetting cones) on the fibers, taking into account residual thermal stresses and interfacial friction. Then, these profiles were used to numerically simulate the processes of crack initiation and propagation in the pull-out test and to obtain theoretical force-displacement curves for specimens with different embedded lengths and wetting cone angles. Our simulations showed that the interfacial crack in real-shaped droplets initiated at very small (practically zero) force applied to the fiber, in contrast to the popular ‘equivalent cylinder’ approximation. As a result, the equivalent cylinder approach underestimated the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) value determined from the pull-out test and at the same time overestimated the interfacial frictional stress; the smaller was the wetting cone angle, the greater the difference. We also investigated the effects of the embedded fiber length and interfacial frictional stress in debonded areas on the calculated IFSS. The simulated force–displacement curves for the real-shaped droplets showed better agreement with experimental curves than those plotted using the equivalent cylinder approach.     

拉弯复合应力下焊接头表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律的研究

通过对16MnR钢对焊的弓形试极疲劳裂纹扩展试验，研究了在拉弯复合应力下对焊接头表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律。采用Newman－Raju公式分析了有限宽板在拉弯复合应力下表面裂纹的应力强度因子的计算。试验研究表明在拉弯复合应力下当a／t≤0．8时表面裂纹疲劳扩展规律仍可用Paris公式来描述，并且c向和a向的Paris系数之间仍存在着C_c＝0．9~nC_a的关系。