Organic Nanoparticles: Preparation,Self‐Assembly,and Properties

The strong tendency of organic nanoparticles to rapidly self‐assemble into highly aligned superlattices at room temperature when solution‐cast from dispersions or spray‐coated directly onto various substrates is described. The nanoparticle dispersions are stable for years. The novel precipitation process used is believed to result in molecular distances and alignments in the nanoparticles that are not normally possible. Functional organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs)—which have the same host–dopant emissive‐material composition—with process‐tunable electroluminescence have been built with these nanoparticles, indicating the presence of novel nanostructures. For example, only changing the conditions of the precipitation process changes the OLED emission from green light to yellow.     

石化企业挥发性有机物成分谱构建及溯源解析

石化企业是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重点排放源，开展VOCs成分谱构建和溯源解析工作对石化企业进行有针对性的污染治理具有重要的意义。综述了石化企业VOCs排放特征的研究现状，重点介绍了石化企业VOCs源成分谱和溯源解析工作的研究进展和存在的问题，建议完善采样和分析方法，利用数学算法，构建基于生产工艺的源成分谱，优化解析模型，形成一套完善的溯源解析技术，从而为石化企业大气污染物溯源提供理论、技术支持，有效实现石化企业安全环保一体化监控。     

双层有机电致发光器件有机层厚度优化的数值研究

在陷阱电荷限制电流传导理论的基础上,提出了双层有机电致发光器件的数值模型,研究了结构为"阳极/空穴输运层(HTL)/发光层(EML)/阴极"的器件中电流密度和量子效率随有机层的特征陷阱能量、陷阱密度和载流子迁移率的依赖关系. 研究发现,对于给定的HTL和EML的特征陷阱能量、陷阱密度和载流子迁移率,存在一个最优的HTL和EML之间的厚度比率,在此最优厚度比下,器件的电流密度和量子效率达到最大.通过有机层厚度的优化,器件的电流密度和量子效率可提高多达两个数量级.另外,还研究了最优厚度比随有机层特征陷阱能量、总陷阱密度和载流子迁移率之间的定量关系.     

ADN氧化剂的合成及其在推进剂中的应用

综述了ADN的合成、性质及其在推进剂中的应用，认为球形ADN具有能量高、感度低、特征信号低，对环境无污染等优点，将其作为氧化剂在高能低特征信号推进剂中有着广阔的应用前景。     

Extracting Light from Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Stamped Bragg Gratings

In this paper, we describe a method for increasing the external efficiency of polymer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by coupling out waveguided light with Bragg gratings. We numerically model the waveguide modes in a typical LED structure and demonstrate how optimizing layer thicknesses and reducing waveguide absorption can enhance the grating outcoupling. The gratings were created by a soft‐lithography technique that minimizes changes to the conventional LED structure. Using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional gratings, we were able to increase the forward‐directed emission by 47 % and 70 %, respectively, and the external quantum efficiency by 15 % and 25 %.     

Platinum Binuclear Complexes as Phosphorescent Dopants for Monochromatic and White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Efficient blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting organic diodes are fabricated using binuclear platinum complexes as phosphorescent dopants. The series of complexes used here have pyrazolate bridging ligands and the general formula C^∧NPt(μ‐pz)₂PtC^∧N (where C^∧N = 2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C^2′, pz = pyrazole ( 1 ), 3‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylpyrazole ( 2 ), and 3,5‐bis(tert‐butyl)pyrazole ( 3 )). The Pt–Pt distance in the complexes, which decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3 , solely determines the electroluminescence color of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Blue OLEDs fabricated using 8 % 1 doped into a 3,5‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host have a quantum efficiency of 4.3 % at 120 Cd m^–2, a brightness of 3900 Cd m^–2 at 12 V, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.11, 0.24). Green and red OLEDs fabricated with 2 and 3 , respectively, also give high quantum efficiencies (～ 6.7 %), with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.63) and (0.59, 0.46), respectively. The current‐density–voltage characteristics of devices made using dopants 2 and 3 indicate that hole trapping is enhanced by short Pt–Pt distances (< 3.1 Å). Blue electrophosphorescence is achieved by taking advantage of the binuclear molecular geometry in order to suppress dopant intermolecular interactions. No evidence of low‐energy emission from aggregate states is observed in OLEDs made with 50 % 1 doped into mCP. OLEDs made using 100 % 1 as an emissive layer display red luminescence, which is believed to originate from distorted complexes with compressed Pt–Pt separations located in defect sites within the neat film. White OLEDs are fabricated using 1 and 3 in three different device architectures, either with one or two dopants in dual emissive layers or both dopants in a single emissive layer. All the white OLEDs have high quantum efficiency (～ 5 %) and brightness (～ 600 Cd m^–2 at 10 V).     

塔里木油田水碳酸盐平衡系数与有机酸的意义

根据统计学规律,对塔里木盆地油田水进行了研究,阐明了该盆地油田水的碳酸盐平衡系数(简称为R_C)与有机酸的基本特征。从油田水的无机组分与有机组分的统计分析中发现了油田水的碳酸盐平衡系数与有机酸存在明显的负相关性,进一步论证了碳酸盐平衡系数和有机酸与油气聚集及油气性质的关系。碳酸盐平衡系数越低及低碳有机酸的含量越高,它们与油藏,尤其是与 轻质油或气藏的关系越密切。从两者的关系中初步了解到有机酸的溶蚀作用对油气藏中储层次生孔隙的形成应有较重要的影响。     

PECVD法低温沉积多晶硅薄膜的研究

在玻璃衬底上采用常规的PKCVD法在低温(≤400℃)条件下制得大颗较(直径＞100nm)、择优取向(220)明显的多晶硅薄膜。选用的反应气体为SiF4和H2混合气体。加入少量的SiH4后，沉积速率提高了近10倍。分析认为，在低温时促使多晶硅结构形成的反应基元应是SiFmHn(m n≤3)，而不可能是SiHn(n≤3)基团。     

卟啉类光电功能材料的研究进展

卟啉及其衍生物是一类具有优良的光电性能的有机半导体材料．引起人们广泛的关注。本文对卟啉类光电材料在模拟生物光合作用中心的光致电荷转移和能量转移，有机太阳能电池．分子光电器件。有机电致发光和光存储等领域的研究进展做一简要介绍。     

An evaluation of biological and abiotic controls for grapevine powdery mildew. 2. Vineyard trials

Grapevine powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator) affects grape yield and fruit quality worldwide. Managers of conventional vineyards rely mainly on synthetic fungicides and sulfur to control powdery mildew, while in organic vineyards sulfur is the main control agent, often in rotation with canola-based oils, bicarbonates and biological control agents. The efficacy of those materials has not been evaluated critically under field conditions in Australia. Accordingly, a range of materials showing most promise in previous greenhouse trials (Crisp et al. 2006 Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 12 , pp. 192–202) were assessed via field trials in commercial vineyards. Applications of either milk or whey (alone, or mixed with a canola oil-based product), as well as applications of potassium bicarbonate (commercial formulation), all reduced the severity of powdery mildew compared with untreated vines. Eight applications of a 1:10 dilution of milk, 45 g/L whey powder or programs comprising rotations of potassium bicarbonate plus oil and whey, applied at 10–14 day intervals, reduced the severity of powdery mildew to levels not significantly different from that on vines sprayed with sulfur (wettable powder, 3–6 g/L). However, the relative control of powdery mildew by the test materials in field trials was dependent on the susceptibility of the grapevine cultivar and the extent of spray coverage achieved. In vineyards where highly susceptible cultivars were planted, and spray coverage was compromised, the resultant control of powdery mildew was reduced; and sometimes to commercially unacceptable levels.