美国生态主题科幻电影的启示

美国作为世界上科技最发达的国家,制作了数量巨大,主题多样,影响深远的科幻电影。通过抽取美国电影史上极具代表性的生态主题科幻电影作为样本,分析这些科幻影片所反映的人与自然的关系,以及科技发展与科幻电影的关系,对生态主题科幻电影进行哲学反思,希望有助于推动科技理性发展,同时维护科学技术与自然生态环境间和谐发展的关系。     

Niche comparisons: toward a new approach for analysing competition and organizational performance in the international construction market

Over the past few decades, studies on competition and organizational performance in the international construction market have been prolific. Construction companies are founded, then grow, compete, evolve, and die in the international landscape, a common process from an ecological perspective. However, few studies have considered the international construction market from this perspective. Using niche theory, which was initially populated in the field of natural bio-ecology and then introduced to business management and economics, a NW/O-L (niche width/overlap and location) framework is established in this study. With this framework, the niche evolution of the top 225 international contractors is explored along two dimensions—product and geography. The effects of a proper niche on an international construction company’s performance are also investigated using the cluster analysis method. It was discovered that, despite fluctuations over time, the contractor’s niche is highly related to its performance in the international construction market. The most appropriate niche for international construction contractors is a wide niche width, with a small niche overlap and with its location near to the market centre with comparatively more market resources. However, only a few contractors can survive in this niche, as the majority of contractors are in a narrow niche width, with a comparatively large niche overlap and far from the market centre. Contractors which do not fit either of these two niches have proved to be poor performers in this study.     

Urbanization Effect on Floristic and Landscape Patterns of Green Spaces

The study explored the effects of intensive urbanization on urban plant diversity and landscape pattern. An inventory of plant species in managed green spaces in the nine urban districts of Guangzhou (south China) with varied development history was conducted. The relationships among species richness, diversity and urban development were analysed by community ecology attributes, cluster analysis, growth-form differentiation and district fidelity indices, and statistical tests. The 1055 vascular species were dominated by a small number of common evergreen species, accompanied by many rare species. By species richness, tree was the dominant growth form, followed by herb and shrub. Species richness and diversity were slightly below urban-fringe secondary forests. Old and young districts offered disparate conditions for species enrichment to establish urban landscape patterns with divergent floristic and growth-form assemblages. Urban species profile and vegetation landscapes were mainly influenced by planning and management of the urban landscape and changing landscape fashion.     

某小型城市生活小区的绿色节能设计

时代的发展加之广大群众的要求所趋,建筑设计者们对小型城市的小区设计日渐重视。结合项目设计实例,围绕小型城市住宅绿色节能这个主题,通过设计理念,总平面布局,环境景观设计,建筑新技术设计,卫生环保设计以及一些细部等方面的设计,从而实现绿色、健康、节能、生态的高品质居住环境。     

低碳生态视角下的江苏省生态空间规划研究

选择影响江苏省城镇建设和发展的自然地理要素、自然灾害要素,考虑在城镇发展过程中亟需保护的自然生态要素,分析构建了"两片、两带、四廊、多核网状"的生态保育空间结构,其中"两片"主要指太湖及苏南丘陵山地点状发展地区生态保育区、洪泽湖周边及里下河生态保育区;"两带"主要指沿海滩涂生态保育带、沿江生态保护带;"四廊"主要指沿南水北调东线、江水东引(通榆河)两条清水通道和新沂河、淮河入海水道两条尾水通道(泄洪通道)及其两侧保护带,并对这些生态空间结构提出有针对性的生态建设措施。     

排烃效率计算参数的校正及其应用

近年来人们通常利用常规地化资料结合物质平衡法对排烃效率进行计算,但由于岩石热解实验流程的原因导致一部分沸点超过300℃的重烃和一部分胶质-沥青质高温热分解产生的烃进入到裂解烃S2中(此两部分记为ΔS2),使得残留烃量(S1)被评价低了,干酪根潜在生烃能力(S2)被评价高了,使得应用校正前的热解参数计算得到的排烃效率比真实值偏高。利用已有的氯仿沥青"A"与族组成数据对热解参数进行校正,结合化学动力学法对松辽盆地J86井青一段泥岩进行了排烃效率计算。结果表明校正前后的排烃效率差别很大,排烃效率计算中参数的校正非常有必要,J86井校正后排烃效率比校正前的低15.7%;且干酪根类型越差,校正前后排烃效率相差的越多,Ⅱ型干酪根热解参数校正前排烃效率比校正后的高69.8%。     

安徽省原始地质资料管理工作探讨

原始地质资料作为地质工作过程中产生最客观、最直接的第一手资料,在地质勘查和地学研究中价值巨大。安徽省地质资料馆截至2017年底保存原始地质资料仅有409档,保存现状不容乐观。文章介绍了原始地质资料的作用和安徽省原始地质资料保管、服务现状,并提出了加快全省原始地质资料调查、清理工作的思路。     

面向生态的矿区地下水位阈限研究

分布在干旱半干旱地区的植被,由于降水不足以维持其长期生存,需要地下水提供部分或全部水源,因而对地下水有一定的依赖性。煤层开采破坏含水层后地下水位会大幅降落,这在一定程度上会给依赖地下水植被造成水分胁迫,进而控制生态系统演化过程。针对榆神矿区煤层开采引起地下水位变化的基本特征,提出了生态安全约束下矿区地下水位控制阈值的确定方法。研究表明,植物根系与地下水毛细上升带保持接触时,植物就可以吸收利用地下水,因此本文将最大毛细上升高度与根系长度之和作为植被利用地下水的最大临界埋深。在毛管流理论指导下,以颗粒排列方式与孔隙直径大小的关系建立了最大毛细上升高度计算公式,并给出了通过颗粒级配曲线确定最大毛细上升高度的方法。据此计算的毛乌素风积沙最大毛细上升高度的取值区间为0.7～2.0 m,进一步确定了榆神矿区生态安全约束下的矿区水位控制下限为4.0 m。在此基础上,以2016年地下水流场基准,以水位埋深4.0 m为界将榆神矿区划分为生态约束区和无约束区。水位埋深小于4.0 m的区域植被对地下水依赖程度高,属于生态约束区,煤层开采造成地下水位下降极易使植被遭受水分胁迫,因而是矿区生态环境保护的重点。研究成果阐明了榆神矿区生态环境及地下水位对煤层开发的限制条件,为进一步推进保水采煤技术的发展奠定了理论基础。     

古矿遗址地段高陡边坡稳定性研究

综合介绍了铜绿山古矿遗址地段的高陡边坡的稳定性研究。边坡长３６０ｍ，高２４０ｍ，最终边坡角５６°。经过国内外七家权威科研单位的五年合作攻关，取得了具有国际先进水平的科研成果。