Migratory behaviour of adult fast-growing brown trout (Salmo trutta,L.) In relation to water flow in a regulated Norwegian river

The migration pattern of spawners of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in relation to water flow was analysed by radio-tracking in the regulated River Gudbrandsdalslågen, Norway. During the upstream spawning migration in the high flow period, trout (2–12 kg) were caught, tagged and released 15 km downstream of a fish ladder at the Hunderfossen waterfall. The released fish displayed a systematic and directional upstream movement to the outlet of the tunnel from the hydroelectricity plant. In autumn and winter there is a minimum water discharge of 20–2 m³/s on p.s. in the river between the dam and the outlet of the tunnel, which has a discharge of 200–300 m³/s. When the water flowing over the Hunderfossen dam decreased to 20 m³/s, the ascent of brown trout up the river stopped and fish periodically entered the power plant tunnel. To determine the flow necessary to attract fish into the spawning reach above the tunnel outlet, two experiments were undertaken using 12 and 17 radio-tagged trout. In the first experiment, 60 m³/s of water released for 24 h resulted in the migration of 50% of the trout up the river. The second experiment, releasing 60 m³/s for 24 h, followed by 30 m³/s for 24 h two days later, resulted in the migration of 60% of the trout. Only one fish ascended the river at a flow of 30 m³/s. It is recommended that a repeated release of water at 60 m³/s is made in periods of minimum water discharge to save the spawning migration. The results demonstrate the advantage of using radio-tracking in experiments dealing with fish migration in relation to water-flow management.     

循环加载下碎石层细观孔隙结构演化分析

列车荷载作用下路基翻浆冒泥的实质是路基土体细颗粒迁移,细颗粒迁移会改变路基上覆碎石层孔隙结构,影响上覆碎石层力学及水力学性质。为此,采用自主研发的路基翻浆冒泥试验模型进行试验,结合X射线计算机断层（computed tomography,CT）扫描技术,分析循环荷载作用下路基土体细颗粒迁移对上覆碎石层细观孔隙结构的影响。结果表明:循环荷载作用下,碎石层孔隙的压缩作用及路基土体细颗粒迁移至碎石层的堵塞作用,不仅改变碎石层面孔隙率的分布特性,还减小碎石层孔隙率及孔隙连通度;孔隙尺寸分布特性不受加载影响,加载前后,碎石孔隙均呈现小孔隙多、大孔隙少的特点,孔隙分布特征曲线满足对数正态分布,但随着循环荷载的施加,碎石层内孔隙总数量减小;孔隙的形状参数（细长比和扁平度）均呈正态分布,细长比随循环荷载作用次数无明显变化规律,而加载后碎石层孔隙扁平度的分布更加均匀;碎石层孔隙具有明显的分形特性,加载前孔隙三维分形维数为2.40~2.50,随着循环荷载的施加,孔隙三维分形维数逐渐减小。     

Cx43 Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Angiogenesis via the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2

The gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is associated with increased cell migration and to related changes of the actin cytoskeleton, which is mediated via its C-terminal cytoplasmic tail and is independent of its channel function. Cx43 has been shown to possess an angiogenic potential, however, the role of Cx43 in endothelial cell migration has not yet been investigated. Here, we found that the knock-down of Cx43 by siRNA in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) reduces migration, as assessed by a wound assay in vitro and impaired aortic vessel sprouting ex vivo. Immunoprecipitation of Cx43 revealed an interaction with the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which enhanced its phosphatase activity, as observed in Cx43 expressing HeLa cells compared to cells treated with an empty vector. Interestingly, the expression of a dominant negative substrate trapping mutant SHP-2 (CS) in HMEC, via lentiviral transduction, also impaired endothelial migration to a similar extent as Cx43 siRNA compared to SHP-2 WT. Moreover, the reduction in endothelial migration upon Cx43 siRNA could not be rescued by the introduction of a constitutively active SHP-2 construct (EA). Our data demonstrate that Cx43 and SHP-2 mediate endothelial cell migration, revealing a novel interaction between Cx43 and SHP-2, which is essential for this process.     

Looking at Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing from the Perspective of an Invertebrate Embryo

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of chemical compounds disrupts the formation of a normal brain. There is impressive progress in the development of alternative testing methods for DNT potential in chemicals, some of which also incorporate invertebrate animals. This review briefly touches upon studies on the genetically tractable model organisms of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster about the action of specific developmental neurotoxicants. The formation of a functional nervous system requires precisely timed axonal pathfinding to the correct cellular targets. To address this complex key event, our lab developed an alternative assay using a serum-free culture of intact locust embryos. The first neural pathways in the leg of embryonic locusts are established by a pair of afferent pioneer neurons which use guidance cues from membrane-bound and diffusible semaphorin proteins. In a systematic approach according to recommendations for alternative testing, the embryo assay quantifies defects in pioneer navigation after exposure to a panel of recognized test compounds for DNT. The outcome indicates a high predictability for test-compound classification. Since the pyramidal neurons of the mammalian cortex also use a semaphorin gradient for neurite guidance, the assay is based on evolutionary conserved cellular mechanisms, supporting its relevance for cortical development.     

一种基于虚拟执行规则的工作流实例迁移方法

在基于形式化的工作流模型和具有历史执行记录的工作流实例定义基础上,给出了一个全面的、正确的工作流实例迁移判断标准,并且依据此判断标准提出了虚拟执行规则和迁移算法。与同类研究工作比较,该方法在适用性、正确性和可实现性等方面具有一定的先进性。     

电磁搅拌对大圆坯结晶器冶金行为影响的探讨

 为了探究结晶器电磁搅拌(M EMS)对大圆坯结晶器内综合冶金行为的影响。以大断面圆坯连铸结晶器冶金行为为研究对象,基于电磁热流体与凝固传输理论建立三维耦合数值模型。揭示大圆坯连铸常用五孔水口浇注条件下结晶器内电磁场、流场、传热与凝固等综合冶金行为,提出电磁搅拌对结晶器冶金性能影响的多参量评价方法。以中碳铬钼齿轮钢650 mm大圆坯连铸为例,指出结晶器电磁搅拌存在最佳搅拌电流,可获得相对较好的综合冶金效果。具体表现为弯月面保持一定的切向速度和过热度,有利于保护渣的熔化和夹杂物的上浮去除;液面波动幅度在控制范围内,可避免卷渣、改善表面质量;结晶器内钢液过热得到有效耗散,有利于等轴晶形核改善铸坯内部质量;侧孔出流钢液速度得到有效控制,可抑制注流对初凝坯壳的冲刷,提高了初生坯壳生长的均匀性。此外,电磁搅拌产生的水平旋流强度也可得到有效控制,有利于避免常见的皮下白亮带现象。     

吸收烟气中低浓度CO2的操作条件分析

Mg(OH)2浆液是一种具备低再生能耗潜力的CO2吸收剂,为了推进其在CO2捕集领域的应用而展开研究。在填料塔中,使用真实烟气研究了各种操作条件下Mg(OH)2浆液对CO2的捕集效率。研究发现,填料种类、气体名义停留时间、液气比均对CO2捕集效率有影响。结果表明,增加气体名义停留时间无法有效改善液相传质,而提高液气比能够有效改善液相传质;在试验条件下,拉西环、鲍尔环和IMTP的总体积传质系数分别为8.5×10-7～5.0×10-6、1.8×10-6～4.0×10-6和1.9×10-7～2.9×10-6 mol/(m3·s·Pa)。     

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer in women and the third in men. The postoperative pathomorphological evaluation of patients with CRC is extremely important for future therapeutic decisions. Although our previous studies demonstrated high galanin (GAL) presence within tumor tissue and an elevated concentration of GAL in the serum of CRC patients, to date, there is a lack of data regarding GAL receptor (GalR) protein expression in CRC cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of all three types of GalRs (GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3) within epithelial cells of the human colon and CRC tissue with the use of the immunohistochemical method and to correlate the results with the clinical-pathological data. We found stronger immunoreactivity of GalR1 and GalR3 in CRC cells compared to epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa of the large intestine. No differences in the GalR2 protein immunoreactivity between the studied tissues were noted. We also found that the increased immunoexpression of the GalR3 in CRC tissue correlated with the better prognosis and longer survival (p < 0.0079) of CRC patients (n = 55). The obtained results suggest that GalR3 may play the role of a prognostic factor for CRC patients. Based on data from the TCGA-COAD project deposited in the GDC Data Portal, we also found that GalR mRNA in cancer samples and the adjacent normal tissue did not correlate with immunoexpression of the GalR proteins in CRC cells and epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa.     

跨域遥感场景解译研究进展

遥感对地观测中普遍存在多平台、多传感器和多角度的多源数据,为遥感场景解译提供协同互补信息。然而,现有的场景解译方法需要根据不同遥感场景数据训练模型,或者对测试数据标准化以适应现有模型,训练成本高、响应周期长,已无法适应多源数据协同解译的新阶段。跨域遥感场景解译将已训练的老模型迁移到新的应用场景,通过模型复用以适应不同场景变化,利用已有领域的知识来解决未知领域问题。本文以跨域遥感场景解译为主线,综合分析国内外文献,结合场景识别和目标识别两个典型任务,论述国内外研究现状、前沿热点和未来趋势,梳理总结跨域遥感场景解译的常用数据集和统一的实验设置。本文实验数据集及检测结果的公开链接为：https://github.com/XiangtaoZheng/CDRSSI。