Hydrogen production in solar reactors

The present work summarizes the recent activities of our laboratory in the field of solar-aided hydrogen production with structured monolithic solar reactors. This reactor concept, “transferred” from the well-known automobile exhaust catalytic after-treatment systems, employs ceramic supports optimized to absorb effectively solar radiation and develop sufficiently high temperatures, that are coated with active materials capable to perform/catalyze a variety of “solar-aided” reactions for the production of hydrogen such as water splitting or natural gas reforming. Our work evolves in an integrated approach starting from the synthesis of active powders tailored to particular hydrogen production reactions, their deposition upon porous absorbers, testing of relevant properties of merit such as thermomechanical stability and hydrogen yield and finally to the design, operation simulation and performance optimization of structured monolithic solar hydrogen production reactors. This approach, among other things, has culminated to the world's first closed, solar-thermochemical cycle in operation that is capable of continuous hydrogen production employing entirely renewable and abundant energy sources and raw materials – solar energy and water, respectively – without any CO₂ emissions and holds, thus, a significant potential for large-scale, emissions-free hydrogen production, particularly for regions of the world that lack indigenous resources but are endowed with ample solar energy.     

孤后八气田机械堵水技术与应用

在多层合试合采工艺实施过程中，经常会遇到地层水的问题，通常采用的挤水泥或化学堵剂的办法不仅成本高且工艺复杂，而使用常规封隔器又达不到封堵效果。Y445(3)型封隔器 Y341(Ⅱ)型封隔器的悬挂式封隔组合管柱堵水工艺，满足了封堵水层、采气的要求。     

取水泵站调速运行的节能效果比较

对取水泵站水泵部分调速运行和全部调速运行在水源枯水位、常水位及洪水位时的节能效果进行了分析比较 ,并给出了结论     

稳定同位素井间示踪技术在深层块状稠油油藏水驱特征研究的应用

经对冷43块深层块状普通稠油水驱注水5个试验井组开展的稳定同位素示踪测试，利用中子活化技术分析样品，采用先进的示踪剂定量分析与流动模拟相互结合的方法，以示踪数值模拟为手段，评价了油井连通、油层平面及纵向上的非均质性、隔层的封隔性等因素对水驱控制程度及动用状况的影响，通过优化注水推进方向及速度，强化动态调整措施，提高了稳产基础。     

巴彦浩特探区钻井液技术初探

巴彦浩特探区钻井液工艺技术的重点是，解决疏松砂砾岩地层水涌漏同层、侏罗系地层水的HCO3^-污染及可能出现的火成岩地层井塌复杂。结合内蒙古巴彦浩特探区地层和井身结构特点，采用了两性聚合物／氯化钾钻井液和氯化钾／石膏-聚磺钻井液体系。该体系抑制能力强，性能稳定．容易实现低固相、低密度近平衡钻井，保护储层效果好。对复杂情况采取了有针对性的处理办法：平稳操作和合理的钻井工程措施是预防水层涌漏同层和火成岩井塌复杂的重要手段；用井场易得的固井水泥或石膏配合烧碱处理HCO3^-污染简便易行；处理火成岩井塌复杂，控制合适的钻井液性能是必要的。     

Allocation of Scarce Water Resources Using Deficit Irrigation in Rotational Systems

On irrigation schemes with rotational irrigation systems in semiarid tropics, the existing rules for water allocation are based on applying a fixed depth of water with every irrigation irrespective of the crops, their growth stages, and soils on which these crops are grown. However, when water resources are scarce, it is necessary to allocate water optimally to different crops grown in the irrigation scheme taking account of different soils in the command area. Allocating water optimally may lead to applying less water to crops than is needed to obtain the maximum yield. In this paper, a three stage approach is proposed for allocating water from a reservoir optimally based on a deficit irrigation approach, using a simulation-optimization model. The allocation results with a deficit irrigation approach are compared for a single crop (wheat) in an irrigation scheme in India, first with full irrigation (irrigation to fill the root zone to field capacity) and second with the existing rule. The full irrigation with a small irrigation interval was equivalent to adequate irrigation (no stress to the crop). It is found that practicing deficit irrigation enables the irrigated area and the total crop production in the irrigation scheme used for the case study to be increased by about 30–45% and 20–40%, respectively, over the existing rule and by 50 and 45%, respectively, over the adequate irrigation. Allocation of resources also varied with soil types.     

高压水射流技术粉碎原盐的研究

以原盐为被粉碎研究对象,通过对高压水射流粉碎原盐形貌的观察和成分分析、高压水射流原盐粉碎性能分析,以及高压水射流粉碎原盐各影响因素的正交分析,研究表明高压水射流粉碎技术对原盐具有良好的解理性且粉碎效率高、耗能低。各因素对原盐粉碎效果的影响顺序为:射流压力卤水喷嘴直径、料液混合喷嘴直径、靶面形状。     

低松装密度水雾化铜粉工艺的研究

本文研究了氧化 还原法生产铜粉的新工艺 ,该工艺是通过氧化还原将水雾化铜粉加以表面改性 ,形成海绵状的粉末 ,显著降低水雾化铜粉的松装密度 ,这种铜粉既具有电解铜粉低的松装密度 ,又具有水雾化铜粉高的流动性。讨论了氧化时间、氧化温度对铜粉松装密度的影响。本工艺是一种新型环保、节能、可替代电解法生产铜粉的先进工艺     

低渗透油田套管损坏机理分析及防治措施

在注水开发油田,油水井套管损坏是一种极为普遍的现象,但又各具特点.通过对鄯善油田套管损坏井的自身特点进行统计、归纳,深入分析低渗透砂岩油藏套管变形影响因素和作用机理,提出了套管损坏井的预防及相应治理措施.     

运用模糊数学原理估算水利水电工程的成本

为了适应水利水电工程成本快速估价的需要,提出了一种建立在模糊数学基本原理基础上的估价模型,克服了工程量清单计价方法计算繁琐的缺点。通过实例说明了该方法的科学性、合理性及实用性。