Local Gibbs–Markov–Young structures for non-invertible systems

We study non-uniformly expanding systems on a compact Riemannian manifold admitting critical sets. Under some general conditions, we construct a Gibbs–Markov–Young structure on a disk whose centre's preimages are dense in the manifold. The result has the following application: in a previous study, the authors showed that the decay of correlations implies the existence of tower structure whose return time decays at the same rate. However, for technical reasons, they have to assume that the density function for the absolutely continuous measure is bounded away from 0. Now we remove this constraint and provide the arguments for the more general results.     

A Calculation Method for Power System Frequency Deviation Considering Intensity of Turbulence

As more and more wind farms are installed in power systems around the world, frequency fluctuations due to output power variations have become a serious problem. Various countermeasures for the problem, such as battery systems, have been investigated. It is very important to evaluate the magnitude of the frequency fluctuations in order to design compensating systems. This paper presents a new and simple method to evaluate the expected value of the frequency deviation due to variations in wind farm output, which is based on the intensity of turbulence and annual probability distribution for the wind speed.     

改善40Mn2钢低倍质量的实践

介绍了40Mn2钢的特性及用途。结合石钢3#连铸机设备的实际情况,分析了导致40Mn2铸坯低倍内裂的原因。通过优化电磁搅拌参数和振动参数,基本消除了40Mn2钢材低倍内裂的缺陷问题,为连铸设备出现变化时如何保证生产提供了思路。     

Design of a low-density wood-cement particleboard for interior wall finish

Gypsum boards form a very large part of the building walls and ceilings finishing market. However, they have poor screw-withdrawal resistance, low hardness and are highly sensitive to moisture. The objective of this study was to determine whether it is possible to make wood-cement particleboards of the same density as gypsum boards while avoiding these drawbacks.Wood-cement particleboards were made by pouring the wood-cement paste in a mould. This was made possible by adding a viscosity modifying mixture to the mixing water and a set accelerating mixture to improve wood/cement compatibility. The mechanical properties and surface quality of the wood-cement particleboards were improved by using, on the board surfaces, paper sheets that were the same as those used on gypsum boards.The average specific gravity of the wood-cement particleboards was the same as gypsum boards, at 0.7. The average bending modulus of rupture obtained for the wood-cement particleboards was 10 MPa in the finishing paper principal direction and 5 MPa in the other direction compared to 5.5 MPa and 1.6 MPa respectively for gypsum boards. The average screw-withdrawal resistance of wood-cement particleboards was 570 N, that is, 1.7 times higher than for gypsum boards.     

韶钢3 450 mm中厚板轧机轴向力产生机理及改进措施

针对韶钢3 450 mm中厚板轧机轴向力过大造成机组操作侧和传动侧钢板厚度偏差较大的问题,对轴向力的产生机理进行了分析,并对机组咬钢过程冲击载荷对轧机轴向力的影响进行了仿真研究。结果表明,轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间存在较大的间隙造成工作辊和支撑辊交叉是产生轴向力的主要原因,而轴向力的产生又导致了轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间的间隙增大,进而进一步便轴向力增大;机组咬钢过程冲击载荷对机组的轴向力有较大影响。在上述机理研究的基础上对机组轴承座滑板和牌坊滑板之间的间隙进行了修复,大大降低了轧机的轴向力,使钢板厚度偏差问题得到了明显改善,创造了显著的经济效益。     

An Evaluation of Different Controllers Based on the Network Frequency Maintenance Strategy for a Large and Multi-control-area Interconnected Power System

Abstract—Maintaining the network frequency at its nominal value due to the load changes is one of the most important issues in the control and operation schedule of a large and multi-area interconnected power system. For the effective control solution, two types of tie-line bias control strategy-based controllers have been applied, i.e., classical and improved controllers. The classical controllers using conventional regulators, including integral, proportional–integral and proportional-integral-derivative, have achieved initial control results to bring the steady state back to the network. However, due to the very poor control features (e.g., large overshoots and long settling times), they need to be replaced with improved controllers, such as fuzzy logic and artificial neural network. To obtain an entire evaluation of the application of different load-frequency controllers, a five-control-area interconnected power system was built as a typical case study. Three improved controllers using proportional-plus-integral-based fuzzy logic and artificial neural network-based non-linear autoregressive moving average (NARMA-L2) architectures as well as their hybrid combination will also be investigated in this study. Simulation results obtained reveal that the improved controllers have obtained smaller overshoots (from 13.95 to 84.18%) and shorter settling times (from 19.91 to 65.71%) compared with the classical controllers.     

1069 t／h 大型循环流化床床温偏差原因分析与改造

某热电厂锅炉在运行过程中,中部床温与左右两侧床温偏差达110℃,给运行人员优化调整带来困难。针对上述问题,该电厂开展了运行数据分析、风帽改造方案设计、改造效果分析等一系列工作。对该型锅炉中部区域的风帽进行适当节流,降低通过中部区域风帽的空气流量后,锅炉床温偏差普遍明显降低,基本将床温偏差降低至50℃以下,改造效果良好。     

考虑风力发电波动引起频率偏差的电力系统状态估计

随着大规模风电接入电网,风电出力的波动性不仅会改变电网原有的潮流分布,还会对电网频率产生显著影响,传统的状态估计模型已不再适用。基于此,介绍了同步发电机准稳态模型、负荷准稳态模型和异步风机简化RX模型,将频率偏差作为新的状态量引入到状态估计过程中。同时,还考虑了发电机和负荷自身频率特性对电压的影响,对相应节点构造了新的零注入功率量测,最终建立了计及频率变化的含风力发电的电力系统状态估计模型。算例仿真结果表明,该模型可有效计及系统的频率偏差,计算量较小且提高了状态估计结果的精度。     

An Improved Maximum Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart for Monitoring Process Mean and Variability

Maximum exponentially weighted moving average (MaxEWMA) control charts have gained considerable attention for detecting changes in both process mean and process variability. In this paper, we propose an improved MaxEWMA control charts based on ordered ranked set sampling (ORSS) and ordered imperfect ranked set sampling (OIRSS) schemes for simultaneous detection of both increases and decreases in the process mean and/or variability, named MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts. These MaxEWMA control charts are based on the best linear unbiased estimators of location and scale parameters obtained under ORSS and OIRSS methods. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been used to estimate the average run length and standard deviation of run length of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts. These control charts are compared with their counterparts based on simple random sampling (SRS), that is, MaxEWMA‐SRS and MaxGWMA‐SRS control charts. The proposed MaxEWMA‐ORSS and MaxEWMA‐OIRSS control charts are able to perform better than the MaxEWMA‐SRS and MaxGWMA‐SRS control charts for detecting shifts in the process mean and dispersion. An application to real data is provided to illustrate the implementation of the proposed MaxEWMA control charts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开化黄山矿区钻孔偏斜规律研究及控制措施

在深部矿产资源勘查中,孔深500 m的钻孔越来越多,钻孔偏斜问题日显突出。根据浙江省开化黄山矿区萤石矿勘查钻孔测斜数据,对钻孔偏斜的原因从地质条件和施工工艺等方面进行了分析。认为钻孔偏斜有一定的规律可循:斜孔钻进特殊的车轮效应是引起钻孔方位向钻头自转方向偏斜的基本原因;特殊的地质构造和不当的施工工艺是造成钻孔偏斜异常出现的重要因素。因此,预防钻孔偏斜的措施必须从地质设计和钻探施工工艺2方面着手。