Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Versatile Tool for Cancer Therapy

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human history with extremely poor prognosis. Although many traditional therapeutic modalities—such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy—have proved to be successful in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, their side effects may vastly limited the actual benefits and patient acceptance. In this context, a nanomedicine approach for cancer therapy using functionalized nanomaterial has been gaining ground recently. Considering the ability to carry various anticancer drugs and to act as a photothermal agent, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy has advanced rapidly. Within those nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene family 2D carbon nanomaterial, emerged as a good candidate for cancer photothermal therapy due to its excellent photothermal conversion in the near infrared range, large specific surface area for drug loading, as well as functional groups for functionalization with molecules such as photosensitizers, siRNA, ligands, etc. By unique design, multifunctional nanosystems could be designed based on rGO, which are endowed with promising temperature/pH-dependent drug/gene delivery abilities for multimodal cancer therapy. This could be further augmented by additional advantages offered by functionalized rGO, such as high biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and enhanced photothermal effects. Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective reducing agents for rGO synthesis via chemical reduction. This was followed by in-depth review of application of functionalized rGO in different cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and/or photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy/phototherapy, and photothermal/immunotherapy.     

The Effects of Random Porosities in Resonant Frequencies of Graphene Based on the Monte Carlo Stochastic Finite Element Model

With the distinguished properties in electronics, thermal conductivity, optical transparence and mechanics, graphene has a powerful potential in nanosensors, nano-resonators, supercapacitors, batteries, etc. The resonant frequency of graphene is an important factor in its application and working environment. However, the random dispersed porosities in graphene evidently change the lattice structure and destroy the integrity and geometrical periodicity. This paper focuses on the effects of random porosities in resonant frequencies of graphene. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to propagate the porosities in the finite element model of pristine graphene. The statistical results and probability density distribution of porous graphene with atomic vacancy defects are computed based on the Monte Carlo finite element model. The results of porous graphene with atomic vacancy defects are compared and discussed with the results of graphene with bond vacancy defects. The enhancement effects of atomic vacancy defects are confirmed in porous graphene. The influences of atomic vacancy defects on displacement and rotation vector sums of porous graphene are more concentrated in local places.     

Fabrication of High Performance PET/TLCP Fibers through the Synergistic Interfacial Enhancement and Compatibilization of Functional 1D and 2D Carbon Nanomaterials

The maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (GO-MA) is fabricated by an efficient and solvent-free Diels–Alder reaction. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP), PET/TLCP/GO-MA, PET/TLCP/aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH₂), and PET/TLCP/GO-MA/MWCNTs-NH₂ composite fibers are systematically melt-spun. The structure and compatibilizing effects of GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the composite fibers are indicated. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that TLCP and nanofillers can change the crystalline morphology of PET. The mechanical properties of the fibers rise with increasing TLCP content. The tensile strength 929 MPa and modulus 17.5 GPa of the fibers with 7 wt% TLCP and 0.25 wt% nanofillers (0.1 wt% GO-MA and 0.15 wt% MWCNTs-NH₂) are significantly higher than those with 7 wt% TLCP (tensile strength 622 MPa and modulus 16.1 GPa) and even higher than those with 15% TLCP (tensile strength 836 MPa, and modulus 18.0 GPa). When the GO-MA and MWCNTs-NH₂ co-exist, the anti-dripping phenomenon is improved. Therefore, the TLCP, GO, and MWCNTs synergistically strengthens the mechanical properties. This is promising for the industrial fabrication of high-strength fibers.     

氧化石墨烯/石蜡复合相变乳液的制备及对流传热特性

为提高石蜡相变乳液的传热性能，通过添加氧化石墨烯(GO)，制备了GO/石蜡复合相变乳液并对其相关性能进行了表征。搭建了流动阻力、对流换热试验台，对比研究了石蜡相变乳液及GO/石蜡复合相变乳液的流动阻力特性和对流换热特性，试验结果表明，由于GO的亲水性，复合相变乳液都表现出较好的稳定性。当GO的质量分数为0.01％、0.02％、0.03％时，复合相变乳液的热导率分别增加了20.01％、30.50％、35.18％。添加GO使乳液的流动阻力略有增加，直管段最大增加了6.70%，90°弯管处最大增加了13.20%；对流传热系数随着GO浓度的增加而增大，当GO浓度为0.03％时，对流传热系数最大提高了43.90％。     

氧化玉米淀粉粘合剂稳定性的探究

探讨了氧化玉米淀粉粘合剂的稳定性的主要影响因素,初步分析其变质机理,以此为依据制备得到高稳定性的产品。     

快干型芭蕉芋淀粉粘合剂的制备

介绍一种快干型芭蕉芋淀粉粘合剂，它特别适合于粘结瓦楞纸板，其制法是芭蕉芋等直链淀粉含量较代低的天然植物淀粉为原料，经氧化、糊化、交联等步骤而制得；产品结力强，产品性能稳定，贮存期长。     

β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑及应用进展

β-环糊精是由7个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元通过α-1,4-糖苷键键连成环的超分子主体分子，“内疏水、外亲水”的独特结构赋予了其优异的分子识别能力；氧化石墨烯类材料凭借其优良特性成为近几年的研究热点。由β-环糊精和氧化石墨烯构筑的超分子杂化体在兼具二者特有性能的基础上又有新功能的引入。本文综述了β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的构筑方式，按二者间的连接方式，分别为共价键和非共价键两种连接方式，其中通过共价键连接是目前最主要的构筑方式；此外对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体的特征和表征进行了简述。同时对β-环糊精-氧化石墨烯超分子杂化体在水污染处理、电化学检测、药物控释和催化等领域的应用进展进行了综述。最后对该超分子杂化体在构筑和应用上的发展趋势进行了展望。     

氧化淀粉变性基团的分析方法

介绍了淀粉工业中氧化淀粉变性基团羧基和羰基的测定方法     

氧化石墨烯的制备及形成机理研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)作为一种石墨烯衍生物,结构中含有大量羟基、环氧基、羧基和羰基等含氧官能团,使其易与其他物质通过相互作用复合,从而提高和拓宽传统材料的性能及应用。GO的结构和尺寸等性质会受石墨氧化过程中制备方法、石墨来源、氧化剂种类、反应条件等因素的影响。针对GO的制备、形成机理、结构控制等方面的研究逐渐引起科研工作者的重视。该文综述近几年有关GO的制备、方法改进、制备过程中涉及到的化学反应和形成机理以及GO结构影响其宏观性能和应用的研究进展,指出确定GO的形成机理和精确控制GO的结构是制约其应用的关键,从工业化生产和可持续性发展的角度对要拓宽和实现GO的应用存在的问题及研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of copolythiophene

Copolythiophenes (Co‐PTs), poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3HT‐TCa), poly(3‐hexyloxylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3HOT‐TCa), and poly(3‐phenylthiophene‐co‐3‐thiophene carboxylic acid) (P3PhT‐TCa), were synthesized by chemical oxidized polymerization to investigate the effect of copolymerization on the properties of polythiophenes (PTs). Gel permeation chromatography showed that the molecular weight (MW) of Co‐PT was lower than that of homopolythiophene. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that the copolymerization was successful between the monomers. The λ_max of Co‐PTs gave a “blue shift” in ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS) spectra. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that the PL intensity of Co‐PT became weaker than that of homopolythiophene and the disappearance of PL had been observed in P3HOT‐TCa. The thermal stability of Co‐PT was influenced by the carboxyl for its low decomposition temperature. Furthermore, the copolymerization between multi‐wall carbon nanotube containing thiophene ring (MWNT‐Th) and 3‐hexyloxylthiphene could also take place successfully. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007