Atomic-Resolution Structures and Mode of Action of Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Peptides

Global rise of infections and deaths caused by drug-resistant bacterial pathogens are among the unmet medical needs. In an age of drying pipeline of novel antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are proven to be valid therapeutics modalities. Direct in vivo applications of many AMPs could be challenging; however, works are demonstrating encouraging results for some of them. In this review article, we discussed 3-D structures of potent AMPs e.g., polymyxin, thanatin, MSI, protegrin, OMPTA in complex with bacterial targets and their mode of actions. Studies on human peptide LL37 and de novo-designed peptides are also discussed. We have focused on AMPs which are effective against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Since treatment options for the infections caused by super bugs of Gram-negative bacteria are now extremely limited. We also summarize some of the pertinent challenges in the field of clinical trials of AMPs.     

NaCl对结冰膨胀率和混凝土溶液吸入量的影响

提出了一种测定溶液结冰膨胀率的简易方法,并研究分析了在冷冻过程中,不同NaCl浓度溶液的体积变化规律及其对混凝土溶液吸入量的影响.结果表明,随NaCl浓度的增加,溶液结冰膨胀率与其增长速度均迅速降低,且达到体积稳定的时间变长,但在开始结冰前,溶液收缩率越大,收缩持续的时间愈长;混凝土溶液吸入量随NaCl浓度的提高而增加.理论分析表明,在开始结冰膨胀前,混凝土内部空隙中溶液收缩和空气冷却将产生较大的负压,且随NaCl浓度和饱水度的提高而迅速增大,这将使混凝土周围的溶液更易被吸入混凝土中.     

混凝土盐冻破坏机理(Ⅰ)——毛细管饱水度和结冰压

研究了NaCl浓度对混凝土内部毛细管吸水饱水度、溶液结冰膨胀率和结冰压的影响,继而对混凝土盐冻破坏机理进行了分析.结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,溶液结冰膨胀率和结冰压显著降低,这是最有利于降低混凝土盐冻破坏的因素;另一方面,混凝土内部毛细管吸水饱水度和吸水速度随NaCl浓度的增加而显著提高,这是最不利于降低混凝土盐冻破坏的因素.基于这些实测数据,经计算证明了浓度为2%~6%(质量分数)的NaCl溶液将产生最大的结冰压,从而形成最严重的混凝土盐冻破坏.     

导湿快干系列纤维和纱线的研制开发现状

文章介绍了国内外导湿快干系列纤维和纱线的研制开发现状,以及导湿快干纤维种类、导湿快干机理-毛细管效应、以及纺丝方法、应用范围等。     

设置垫板的形件螺栓连接滞回性能试验研究

该文综述了对称和非对称型摩擦耗能连接40多年以来的发展历史和研究现状。摩擦耗能连接可用于结构的减震耗能,通过合理设计可实现地震作用下带摩擦耗能连接结构的低损伤,提高结构的韧性。研发滞回性能稳定、重复性好的摩擦耗能连接是相关研究的主要目标之一。该文从微观和宏观两个方面介绍了金属滑移面之间的摩擦磨损机理,从摩擦磨损的角度讨论了不同摩擦片材料对摩擦连接减震性能的影响。描述了螺栓预紧力大小对摩擦连接减震性能的影响,也总结了摩擦连接的抗腐蚀和抗火性能。阐述了摩擦耗能连接在钢结构支撑、梁柱节点和柱脚节点的应用,并介绍了相关节点的设计方法。对此类连接的关键技术进行了总结,并对该技术的后续研究进行了展望。     

螺旋波等离子体研究进展

螺旋波等离子体为目前能产生最高等离子体密度的低温等离子体源之一,在低温等离子体应用领域中备受关注。螺旋波等离子体源具有电离效率高、电子密度高、约束磁场低、结构相对简单、可在极低气压下放电等优点,使其在集成电路工艺、薄膜沉积、刻蚀、表面改性和等离子体宇航推进等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文综述了近年来螺旋波等离子体的主要研究进展,包括螺旋波等离子体的基本原理、耦合机制、低场峰现象、双电层结构等放电特性以及推进机制的研究进展,在此基础上展望了螺旋波等离子体未来的发展方向。     

铁基合金的贝氏体基元及其生长演化

用透射电镜研究了 Fe-C-Mo 和 Fe-C-Si-Mn 合金中温转变早期产物的组织形态,发现在整个中温转变范围非平衡先析型转变都是按贝氏体铁素体相变基元形成及其扩散生长演化方式进行,说明经生长演化一些时间后的基元难于作为判断贝氏体形核机制的形态学依据。从基元生长演化进程区分了低碳贝氏体和板条马氏体。     

LW6型液压机构内部渗漏分析判断及处理技巧

分析LW6型液压机构内部渗漏油的原因,指出了LW6液压机构出现内部渗漏的各种可能元件小部位:控制阀回油管、三级阀回油管、供排油阀回油管和压力组件回油管。通过图文并茂的形式,介绍了判断液压机构内部渗漏部位的方法技巧,并且结合实际现场典型故障处理事例,采用问、闻、切、望的故障判断方法,可快速判断故障部位。     

Thickening and Rheological Properties of Crystalline Polyester Used in Low Pressure Sheet Molding Compounds

Low pressure sheet molding compound (LPMC,1.0-3.0 MPa,95-103 ℃) is a new kind of thermosetting material with crystalline polyester as a physical thickenner.LPMC is different from conventional SMC using an earth oxide thickening agent (e.g.MgO) as chemical thickenner,it relies on the physical thickening of crystalline polyester.Crystalline polyester resin is the key material to mold LPMC parts.Currently there was no report about the thickening mechanism of crystalline polyester in LPMC.In this article,crystalline polyester resins,whose melting points were between 45 ℃ and 89 ℃,were synthesized by a two-step esterification.The melt points of crystalline polyesters are controlled by regulating the mol ratio of the two glycols and the two acids.And by means of varying the content of crystalline polyester resin,the thickening effect on resin paste is investigated.In addition,the thickening mechanism of crystalline polyester in LPMC was investigated by FTIR and DSC analysis.The effects of the diameters and viscosity of crystalline polyester on the rheological property and fiber distribution of LPMC sheets were studied,too.Results show that the thickening effect is excellent when the weight content of crystalline polyester resin is 3%.And there exists three kinds of functions acting in the process of thickening:swelling,hydrogen bonds and induction crystallization.During the preparing process of resin paste in LPMC,the temperature of resin paste must be kept at 90 ℃.In addition,crystalline polyester make LPMC have a perfect fluid property.When the viscosity of LPMC sheet is beyond 1 kPa s,the fiber orientation is not obvious.But when the viscosity of LPMC sheet is about 500 Pa s,the fiber shows a certain degree of orientation.Moreover the study of physical and chemical thickening mechanism of crystalline polyester and the rheological discipline of LPMC sheets in the hot mould will provide the researchers and enterprises with theory guidance.