人造板断面密度的研究现状与方向

人造板的物理力学性能与板材的断面密度有着密切关系,本文系统介绍在人造板断面密度的理论和检测技术方面的研究进展,并提出了未来的研究方向.     

Evaluation of melamine‐modified urea‐formaldehyde resins as particleboard binders

Particleboards bonded with 6 and 12% melamine‐modified urea‐formaldehyde (UMF) resins were manufactured using two different press temperatures and press times and the mechanical properties, water resistance, and formaldehyde emission (FE) values of boards were measured in comparison to a typical urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin as control. The formaldehyde/(urea + melamine) (F/(U + M)) mole ratio of UMF resins and F/U mole ratio of UF resins were 1.05, 1.15, and 1.25 that encompass the current industrial values near 1.15. UMF resins exhibited better physical properties, higher water resistance, and lower FE values of boards than UF resin control for all F/(U + M) mole ratios tested. Therefore, addition of melamine at these levels can provide lower FE and maintain the physical properties of boards. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Examination of selected synthesis parameters for wood adhesive‐type urea–formaldehyde resins by 13C NMR spectroscopy. III

The varying polymer structures of wood adhesive‐type urea–formaldehyde resins resulting from different formaldehyde/first urea (F/U₁) mole ratios used in the first step of resin manufacture were investigated using ¹³C. As the F/U₁ mole ratio decreased progressively from 2.40 to 2.10 and to 1.80, the viscosity increase due to polymerization during resin synthesis became faster and resulted in decreasing side‐chain branches and increasing free urea amide groups in the resin structure. The resultant UF resins, with the second urea added to an overall F/(U₁ + U₂) of 1.15, showed viscosity decreases when heated with stirring or allowed to stand at room temperature that were also characteristic with the F/U₁ mole ratios used in resin synthesis. The formaldehyde emission levels of particleboards bonded with the freshly made UF resins showed relatively small but similarly characteristic variations. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2800–2814, 2001     

Fast advancement and hardening acceleration of low‐condensation alkaline PF resins by esters and copolymerized urea

Low‐condensation phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins coreacted under alkaline conditions with up to 42% molar urea on phenol during resin preparation yielded PUF resins capable of faster hardening times than equivalent pure PF resins prepared under identical conditions and presented better performance than the latter. The water resistance of the PUF resins prepared seemed comparable to pure PF resins when used as adhesives for wood particleboard. Part of the urea was found by ¹³C‐NMR to be copolymerized to yield the alkaline PUF resin; whereas, especially at the higher levels of urea addition, unreacted urea was still present in the resin. Increase of the initial formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio decreased considerably the proportion of unreacted urea and increased the proportion of PUF resin. A coreaction scheme of phenolic and aminoplastic methylol groups with reactive phenol and urea sites based on previous model compounds work has been proposed, copolymerized urea functioning as a prebranching molecule in the forming, hardened resin network. The PUF resins prepared were capable of further noticeable curing acceleration by addition of ester accelerators; namely, glycerol triacetate (triacetin), to reach gel times as fast as those characteristic of catalyzed aminoplastic resins, but at wet strength values characteristic of exterior PF resins. Synergy between the relative amounts of copolymerized urea and ester accelerator was very noticeable at the lower levels of the two parameters, but this effect decreased in intensity toward the higher percentages of urea and triacetin. ¹³C‐NMR assignements of the relevant peaks of the PUF resins are reported and compared with what has been reported in the literature for mixed, coreacted model compounds and pure PF and urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins. The relative performance of the different PUF resins prepared was checked under different conditions by thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and by preparation of wood particleboard, and the capability of the accelerated PUF resins to achieve press times as fast as those of aminoplastic (UF and others) resins was confirmed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 359–378, 1999     

基于Faster R-CNN的刨花板表面缺陷检测研究

为了克服刨花板表面缺陷人工目视检测的局限性,实现对多种缺陷准确、实时检测,提出一种基于Faster R-CNN的检测方法。运用从工厂生产现场获取的各种表面缺陷图,制作成一个包含3566张刨花板表面缺陷图像数据集,其中主要包括胶块、水印、砂痕、杂物、粗刨花5种缺陷类型。通过用该数据集对Faster R-CNN在ZF、VGG16和ResNet101不同特征提取网络下的不同锚点(Anchor)设置模型分别进行训练、验证和测试,并对比了不同参数对检测精度的影响。结果显示,该方法能有效检测刨花板表面缺陷,且模型在ResNet101作为特征提取网络时准确率最高。在对训练好的Faster R-CNN模型的鲁棒性进行评估和验证中,模型对122张新图像的5种缺陷类型进行检测,测试的5种缺陷类型识别率分别为92.31%、91.84%、90.57%、96.88%和95.24%,平均检测率为93.37%,测试结果表明该方法能为基于机器视觉刨花板表面缺陷检测系统提供良好支撑。     

刨花板生产线改造为中纤板生产线的工艺设计

介绍将刨花板生产线改造成中纤板生产线的工艺设计,分析热磨、干燥、铺装、热压几个关键工序的特点,总结生产线改造成功的经验。     

浅析刨花板厚度偏差与砂光质量的关系

刨花板厚度偏差是影响砂光质量的关键因素,生产过程中必须严格控制刨花板厚度。     

刨花板生产线运输设备的优化配置

总结分析刨花板生产线运输设备的优缺点,提出不同的工段配置合适的运输设备。     

俄罗斯人造板生产现代化的进展、存在问题和对策

介绍俄罗斯人造板生产的现状、现代化改造的进展情况、存在问题和采取的对策以及发展前景。     

A formaldehyde‐free flame retardant wood particleboard system based on two‐component polyurethane adhesive

To address the problem of formaldehyde‐free flame retardation of wood particleboard, a novel phosphorus‐containing compound, di(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphate) urea (DDPPU) was synthesized. DDPPU was used as flame retardant for wood particleboard. The flammability of treated wood particleboard systems consisted of wood particles, polyurethane (PU) adhesive, and different flame retardant formulations were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results of LOI indicate that DDPPU could improve the flame retardancy of wood particleboard. However, when H₃BO₃ was used as the second flame retardant component and combined with DDPPU, the flame retardant wood particleboard could obtain the highest LOI value (46.0) in these experiments. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that treated wood particleboard can decrease the initial decomposition temperature, and that at higher temperatures the degradation rate are lower than the untreated wood particleboard. Furthermore, wood particleboard treated with DDPPU/H₃BO₃ has a higher yield of residue char at 600°C than that treated with other flame retardant systems. The ability of char formation of these samples agrees with the order of LOI values. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008