垃圾焚烧发电技术主要问题及其对策

介绍了我国城市生活垃圾的主要处理方式;通过对国内外情况的比较与分析,得出我国城市生活垃圾处理的最佳方式是CFB焚烧(垃圾与煤可混烧)发电;介绍了CFB发电技术的特点、工艺流程、存在的问题及未来的发展前景。     

分支定价方法求解带二维装箱约束的车辆路径问题EI北大核心CSCD

面向家具、电器等货物的物流配送场景,研究带二维装箱约束的车辆路径问题(2L–CVRP),构建了2L–CVRP的混合整数线性规划模型.为求解大规模2L–CVRP,构建了该问题集合划分模型,提出基于分支定价的方法.针对分支节点的松弛模型,基于列生成策略将其分解为线性规划主问题、带资源和二维装箱约束的最短路径子问题,并提出基于ng-route松弛策略的标签算法和基于禁忌搜索的装箱算法有效求解复杂子问题.仿真结果表明,提出的方法可高效求解大规模2L–CVRP,其中ng-route松弛策略能有效提升算法求解效率,研究成果为装箱约束下大规模车辆路径问题的高效求解提供了有效途径.     

Mixed Messages about Mixed Tenure: Do Reviews Tell the Real Story?

Mixed tenure is the predominant development and regeneration strategy and is a key component of UK housing and urban policy. It is purported to provide wide-ranging social, environmental and economic benefits to residents. While there is a large literature on mixed tenure, policy makers are likely to rely on reviews and summaries of the evidence rather than primary studies. But can they rely on such reviews? Using systematic review methods this paper critically appraises recent reviews for the evidence that mixed tenure policies and strategies have achieved any of these expected benefits. Of the six UK reviews of primary studies, most drew on less than half the available primary studies, none provided a critical appraisal of individual studies and made no comment on conflicting evidence between and within studies. While the reviews gave indications of the deficiencies of the evidence base, rather than focus on the implications of these deficiencies, four of the six reviews emphasised the positive effects of tenure mix.     

Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Coarse (≤20 μm) titanium particles were deposited on low-carbon steel substrates by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) with ethanol as suspension medium and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as polymeric charging agent. Preliminary data on the electrophoretic mobilities and electrical conductivities on the suspensions of these soft particles as well as the solutions themselves as a function of PDADMAC level were used as the basis for the investigation of the EPD parameters in terms of the deposition yield as a function of five experimental parameters: (a) PDADMAC addition level, (b) solids loading, (c) deposition time, (d) applied voltage, and (e) electrode separation. These data were supported by particle sizing by laser diffraction and deposit surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The preceding data demonstrated that Ti particles of ∼1-12 μm size, electrosterically modified by the PDADMAC charging agent, acted effectively as colloidal particles during EPD. Owing to the non-colloidal nature of the particles and the stabilization of the Ti particles by electrosteric forces, the relevance of the zeta potential is questionable, so the more fundamental parameter of electrophoretic mobility was used. A key finding from the present work is the importance of assessing the electrophoretic mobilities of both the suspensions and solutions since the latter, which normally is overlooked, plays a critical role in the ability to interpret the results meaningfully. Further, algebraic uncoupling of these data plus determination of the deposit yield as a function of charging agent addition allow discrimination between the three main mechanistic stages of the electrokinetics of the process, which are: (1) surface saturation; (2) compression of the diffuse layer, growth of polymer-rich layer, and/or competition between the mobility of Ti and PDADMAC; and (3) little or no decrease in electrophoretic mobility of Ti, establishment of polymer-rich layer, and/or dominance of the mobility of the PDADMAC over that of Ti.     

A perturbation method for guiding center orbit following calculations in the presence of Coulomb collisions

An orbit following guiding center Monte Carlo calculation is presented which employs a general flux coordinate system in an axisymmetric plasma equilibrium. The calculation incorporates collision effects. Furthermore, a perturbation expansion is applied for the guiding center calculations in the presence of a frictional source.     

1,10-二氮杂菲分光光度测定钛合金中铁方法的改进

试样采用氢氟酸溶解,饱和硼酸络合,乙酸-乙酸铵作缓冲溶液控制酸度,三元有机铵盐作混合掩蔽剂,1,10-二氮杂菲分光光度法测定钛合金中铁。成功克服了传统分析方法中因受钒(4mg以上)干扰,显色液需放置隔夜后才能测定的缺陷,大大缩短分析时间,获得较满意的结果。该方法准确度高,分析结果重现性较好。     

惰性粒子对水沸腾传热强化的实验研究

通过加入不同种类和体积分率的惰性粒子,在垂直管中进行了水的流动沸腾传热实验,研究了三相流沸腾传热特性。实验中预先对水加热,采用了沸点进料。实验发现,传热膜系数随热通量、液体流量的增加及粒子体积分率的增大而增加。对于不同粒子,这种变化趋势比较一致,但不同粒子对沸腾传热的强化效果不同。实验结果表明:由于固体粒子的存在,强化了沸腾传热,三相流沸腾传热系数是相同条件下汽液二相流沸腾传热系数的1.3—1.7倍。     

广州地铁盾构到达密闭接收装置技术应用

广州地铁南浦站～洛溪站区间盾构到达端头地质情况差,存在盾构到达端头加固范围管线拆改困难、加固质量难以保证等问题.施工中,首次制造并使用了盾构到达密闭接收装置技术,该装置主要基于平衡到达理念,制造一个直径和长度比盾构略大的密闭钢筒状结构与硐门密闭连接,通过在结构内灌入填充物2台达到与土层平衡的压力,模拟盾构在土体中的掘进,使盾构直接通过硐门,安全进入接收装置.该技术保证了2台盾构成功接收,具有适用性广、加固简单、工期短、安全可控等优点.     

碳纤维和角钢复合加固混凝土柱承载力研究

碳纤维和角钢约束混凝土可以显著提高其承载力和延性。在对已有的试验数据分析的基础上,研究碳纤维和角钢复合加固混凝土柱的约束机理和受力模型,引入有效约束区域的概念,分别提出碳纤维和角钢加固混凝土柱截面有效约束面积的计算方法。在此基础上,考虑碳纤维层数、角钢面积、纵向配筋、混凝土柱的截面形状等因素的影响,建立碳纤维和角钢复合加固方形混凝土柱的承载力计算模型。模型的计算结果与已有的试验数据吻合较好,并可为工程实践提供参考。