平砧锻造的数值模拟──随动坐标能量法

平砧锻造是塑性大变形问题，本文采用随动坐标系跟踪流动质点，利用能量法分步计算质点位移增量、等效应变场等，然后叠加。计算结果得到实验验证。     

What do we mean by “catalytic activity”?

The relative reactivities of the lower alkanes in hydrogenolysis on a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst depend on the H₂ pressure used, as do those of a Ru/Al₂O₃ catalyst, pretreated in various ways, for propane hydrogenolysis. Apparent activation energies also vary with H₂ pressure. No single rate measurement adequately represents catalytic activity, which is properly defined as the rateconstant for the slow step.     

Diffusion of additives and plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride): 4. A programmed temperature technique for the determination of the diffusion parameters of three dialkylphthalates

A programmed temperature technique has been developed for the measurement of the self-diffusion coefficients of additives in polymers. This has been applied to the diffusion of three dialkylphthalate plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride). Values of the self-diffusion coefficients and the calculated activation energies obtained in this way have been compared with values previously obtained from measurements at constant temperature. It has been shown that the programmed temperature technique gives a very rapid method for the estimation of the activation energy of self-diffusion.     

Effect of surface free energy on the adhesion of biofouling and crystalline fouling

Pipelines and heat exchangers using seawater as coolant suffer from biofouling. Biofouling not only reduces heat transfer performance significantly, but also causes considerable pressure drop, calling for higher pumping requirements. It would be much more desirable if surfaces with an inherently lower stickability for biofouling could be developed. In this paper, a cost-effective autocatalytic graded Ni-Cu-P-PTFE composite coating with corrosion-resistant properties was applied to reduce biofouling formation. The experimental results showed that the surface free energy of the Ni-Cu-P-PTFE coatings, which were altered by changing the PTFE content in the coatings, had a significant influence on the adhesion of microbial and mineral deposits. The Ni-Cu-P-PTFE coatings with defined surface free energy reduced the adhesion of these deposits significantly. The anti-bacterial mechanism of the composite coatings was explained with the extended DLVO theory.     

氢能——我国未来的清洁能源

首先介绍了氢能的诸多优点,例如资源丰富、来源多样性、可再生性和可储存性等,特别指出氢的可储存性使其具有和电、热不同的能源载体的用途。进而就我国能源资源情况、能源安全、环境要求以及经济可持续发展的角度说明我国发展氢能的必要性。说明发展氢能燃料电池汽车、分散供电、供热都将是我国经济持续发展的新的增长点。当前,各国制定氢能发展规划,加大发展氢能的力度,出现氢能国际化的苗头。对此,作者建议应根据我国国情特点,制定我国的氢能发展计划和目标,同时,积极参与氢能国际化活动,为我国的可持续发展争取条件。     

碳纳米管及C60和石墨氧化动力学机理函数的分析

The oxidation of carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphite was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA) technique, and the oxidation kinetic models of three carbon materials studied were analyzed by mechanism-function method. The results indicate that three carbon species adopt different oxidation mechanisms due to their different structures. The oxidation of carbon nanotubes with cylindrical structure follows contracting volume reaction mechanism [R3 mechanism, 1-(1-α)1/3 = kt], indicating that the oxidation of carbon nanotubes takes place from the ends to the center. For graphite with planar sandwich structure, the oxidation starts at the edges initially and gradually moves toward the center, which corresponds to contracting area phase boundary reaction mechanism [R2 mechanism, 1-(1-α)1/2 = kt]. The oxidation of C60 with spherical structure, however, is complex and apparently cannot be illustrated with a single kinetic model. The values of apparent activation energy     

The role of the surface free energy in the selection of a suitable excipient in the course of a wet-granulation method

Pellets containing metronidazole were produced in a centrifugal granulator, with hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel LF®) as binding agent, and corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose (Vivapur 101®) and lactose as excipients. The wettability of the pharmaceutical powders was assessed by means of contact angle measurements, and the dispersive and polar surface energies were determined. The spreading coefficients, the work of adhesion and the work of cohesion were calculated and correlated with the pellet properties (friability, bulk and tapped density, and porosity). The aim was to investigate the role of the surface free energy of one- and two-component powder compositions in pellet production. The interactions between the particles were found to be connected with the measured pellet parameters. It was concluded that, in the course of the growth of the pellets, the particle sizes of the pharmaceutical powders and the interactions between them are important. If the work of cohesion of the binder is lower than the work of cohesion of the substrate and the work of adhesion, then the optimal amount of the binding agent is that which coats the particles uniformly in minimal quantity and in continuous layer.     

太阳能吸热功能膜材质

材质中电子能级和振转能级决定光谱的选择性。     

用兰纳-琼斯位能和单参数Wilson方程预测汽液平衡

根据兰纳-琼斯位能提出计算Wilson方程中同类分子间能量参数gii的一个简便方法,用于单参数Wilson方程可成功地预测二元体系气液平衡,预测精度与已有方法相当,且仅需要纯物质的Tc,Pc,Zc数据。     

注塑流动与传热分析的自适应隐式控制体积法

在注塑流动与传热分析中采用自适应隐式控制体积法,利用自动控制的参数识别方法来自动调节时间步长,在每个时间步长流动将向前推进大约半个单元大小的距离,厚度方向的温度采用契比雪夫配点法进行计算,压力方程的求解方法是预条件共轭梯度法。计算结果表明,自适应隐式控制体积法的时间复杂度是结点数目的平方,而且1h之内可以求解10000结点规模的问题。