酶法水解鸡肉蛋白及其水解液脱苦方法的研究

探讨了鸡肉蛋白的酶解工艺对酶解液苦味强度的影响,对伴随产生的苦味进行了一系列脱苦的研究,并分析了脱苦前后水解液中氨基酸组成的变化。     

大米蛋白资源开发利用现状

大米蛋白具有低过敏、易消化的特点,是公认的优质膳食蛋白,主要源自大米淀粉、淀粉糖浆的加工副产物。文中重点介绍了大米蛋白的主要性质、改性方法及其在食品领域的开发利用现状。经酶法改性后,大米蛋白可以加工成为速溶大米蛋白粉和大米肽等高价值食品,其中大米肽具有抗氧化、提高免疫力、治疗糖尿病等多种保健功能。高纯度大米肽的高效制备、分离纯化及其相关技术研究是大米蛋白未来发展的主要趋势。     

Antihypertensive mechanism of a peptide-enriched soy sauce-like seasoning: the active constituents and its suppressive effect on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

We previously reported that a peptide-enriched soy sauce-like seasoning called fermented soybean seasoning (FSS) demonstrated antihypertensive effects both in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory substances (9 kinds of dipeptides and a nicotianamine) were identified from FSS. In the present study, we clarified the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of FSS in SHR. FSS was divided into the nicotianamine fraction and the peptide fraction. The peptide fraction was found to exert a more prevalent antihypertensive effect than the nicotianamine fraction in SHR. Among the peptides, we identified Gly-Tyr and Ser-Tyr as the 2 primary substances in FSS that contributed to the antihypertensive effect in SHR. These peptides were neither degraded by acid nor gastrointestinal proteases, and were absorbed into the circulating blood. FSS (2000 mg/kg) exerted ACE inhibitory activity in the lung of rats and provided a decrease (P= 0.0067) in the level of serum aldosterone after a single oral administration in SHR, resulting in the antihypertensive effect. The antihypertensive mechanism was found to be similar to therapeutic ACE inhibitors and other food-derived ACE inhibitory peptides, which are in wide use and are recognized as safe.     

响应面法优化酶法制备驴血红蛋白源二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制活性肽

食源性二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制活性肽成为近年来健康产品研究的方向之一.本研究以驴血红蛋白为原料,采用计算机模拟蛋白水解方法筛选最佳蛋白酶,研究酶解时间、温度和加酶量对蛋白水解度(degree of hydrolysis,DH)和酶解产物DPP-Ⅳ抑制率的影响,响应面优...     

Antifungal Activity of the Frog Skin Peptide Temporin G and Its Effect on Candida albicans Virulence Factors

The increasing resistance to conventional antifungal drugs is a widespread concern, and a search for new compounds, active against different species of fungi, is demanded. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promises in this context. Here we investigated the activity of the frog skin AMP Temporin G (TG) against a panel of fungal strains, by following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. TG resulted to be active against (i) Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans, with MIC₅₀ between 4 µM and 64 µM after 24 h of incubation; (ii) dermatophytes with MIC₈₀ ranging from 4 to 32 µM, and (iii) Aspergillus strains with MIC₈₀ of 128 µM. In addition, our tests revealed that TG reduced the metabolic activity of Candida albicans cells, with moderate membrane perturbation, as proven by XTT and Sytox Green assays, respectively. Furthermore, TG was found to be effective against some C. albicans virulence factors; indeed, at 64 µM it was able to inhibit ~90% of yeast–mycelial switching, strongly prevented biofilm formation, and led to a 50% reduction of metabolic activity in mature biofilm cells, and ~30–35% eradication of mature biofilm biomass. Even though further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge of the mechanisms of TG antifungal activity, our results suggest this AMP as an attractive lead compound for treatment of fungal diseases.     

酪蛋白源七肽AVPYPQR在不同体系中抗氧化活性的构效关系比较

本文为了探讨酪蛋白源七肽AVPYPQR在不同体系中的抗氧化活性及构效关系,比较研究了AVPYPQR及其相关片段PYPQ、PYPQR、VPYPQ、VPYPQR和AVPYPQ在体外化学方法和细胞模型中的抗氧化能力。结果表明,在ABTS自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)等体外化学方法中6条肽的活性都高于标准抗氧化剂Trolox,其中Val、Ala和Arg残基的同时存在降低AVPYPQR的ABTS自由基清除能力,而Arg残基存在提升了AVPYPQR的ORAC活性。在细胞氧化损伤模型中,6条多肽对AAPH诱导血红细胞溶血都有保护作用,其中AVPYPQR保护效果最好,Ala和Arg残基存在提升其保护效果;H2O2诱导Hep G2细胞氧化损伤模型中,除PYPQ,其他多肽都具有显著保护效果(p0.05),其中Ala、Val和Arg残基都可以提升保护效果,但是没有叠加作用。综上,除PYPQ,其它5条多肽在在体外化学方法和细胞模型中都表现出较强抗氧化活性,但无显著性相关,且不同方法中Val、Ala和Arg残基对AVPYPQR活性影响不同。     

鹿茸抗氧化多肽高压脉冲电场辅助酶法提取及纯化工艺优化

以鹿茸渣为研究对象,利用高压脉冲电场辅助菠萝蛋白酶制备鹿茸抗氧化肽,并进行分离纯化。以水解度和DPPH·清除率为评价指标,通过单因素及响应面优化试验对鹿茸渣制备抗氧化活性多肽的酶解工艺进行优化。采用大孔吸附树脂对鹿茸抗氧化肽进行脱盐及纯化,并分析纯化后鹿茸肽的抗氧化活性。结果表明,抗氧化活性肽的最佳制备工艺为:底物浓度15%、酶添加量7.04 U/mg,电场强度17.3kV/cm,脉冲数7,该条件下制备的鹿茸蛋白水解液对DPPH·清除率达(74.76±2.03)%。75%乙醇溶液洗脱组分C3对DPPH·、·OH及O_2~-·的清除率最高,相比粗多肽的抗氧化活性大幅提高,鹿茸抗氧化肽具有较强的抗氧化活性,是制备抗氧化活性肽的良好原料。     

响应面试验优化酶解法制备海洋微藻微拟球藻抗氧化肽工艺

以海洋微藻饵料微拟球藻蛋白为原料,采用胃蛋白酶酶解制备微拟球藻抗氧化肽。以酶解产物的水解度和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除活性为评价指标,研究酶底比（质量百分比）、底物质量浓度、酶解温度和pH值对酶解产物的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化制备高抗氧化活性抗氧化肽的工艺条件,确定最佳酶解工艺条件为：底物质量浓度5.0?mg/mL、酶解温度32?℃、pH?1.36、酶底比6%。在最佳酶解条件下实际测得微拟球藻抗氧化肽的DPPH自由基清除率为51.85%。     

响应面优化酶法制备芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽研究

以芝麻饼粕为原料酶法制备具有降血压活性的血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制肽,在单因素试验基础上进行酶解条件的响应面优化,结果显示芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽酶法制备的最优条件为p H 8.88,酶解温度46℃,底物质量浓度85 mg/m L,酶解时间24 min。高效液相色谱测得ACE抑制肽的IC50值3.03 mg/m L,进一步经过膜分离,发现经过碱性蛋白酶酶解后,芝麻多肽从平均相对分子质量8 949.62降低到1 721.90,其中酶解液中相对相对分子质量大于10 000的物质仅占1.65%,小于2 000的物质占73.83%,为进一步研究芝麻饼粕ACE抑制肽的制备提供参考。     

响应面法优化菊芋渣酶解制备抗氧化肽工艺

以菊芋渣蛋白为原料,在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计选出最显著的因素,即底物质量浓度、酶解时间、pH值,再用响应面分析法对其进行考察,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率为评价指标,优化菊芋渣抗氧化肽酶解工艺。结果表明,最佳酶解条件为加酶量8 000 U/g、酶解温度50 ℃、pH 5.0、酶解时间3.5 h、底物质量浓度0.16 g/mL,在此条件下DPPH自由基清除率实测平均值达88.10%,与预测值88.08%相近。