Phenyl Selenosulfides as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

The Se? Se bond in an organo‐diselenide (RSeSeR, R is an organic group) can break in a 2e^? reduction reaction, but it has limited capacity as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. To increase its capacity, redox active species (e.g., sulfur) can be added in the middle of the selenium atoms. Herein, phenyl diselenide (PDSe, PhSeSePh) is mixed with sulfur to form two hybrid compounds with 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios, which almost double and triple the capacity of PDSe, respectively. Theoretical calculations suggest that phenyl selenosulfide (PDSe‐S, PhSe‐S‐SePh) and phenyl selenodisulfide (PDSe‐S₂, PhSe‐SS‐SePh) can form via addition reactions, which is supported by mass spectrometry analysis. The hybrid materials exhibit three highly reversible redox plateaus and enhanced cycling stability due to the reduced solubility of the discharge products. PDSe‐S and PDSe‐S₂ show initial capacities of 252 and 330 mAh g^?1, respectively, followed by stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of >73% after 200 cycles at C/5 rate. In addition, they show steady rate capabilities. This study reports a novel strategy to increase the electrochemical performance of organo‐diselenide by addition of sulfur.     

乙丙橡胶绝缘电缆

简述了乙丙橡胶绝缘电缆的发展概况。详细介绍了用于电缆绝缘的乙丙橡胶材料的优异性能,包括低密度、高填充性、耐热、耐臭氧、耐腐蚀、耐水蒸气和耐过热水、阻燃、柔软等性能,且其绝缘电阻对温度变化的敏感性较小。阐述了乙丙橡胶电缆的四种硫化（交联）32艺以及乙丙橡胶电缆产品的特点。展望了乙丙橡胶绝缘电缆今后的发展方向。     

喇曼光谱研究硅烷体积分数对Si薄膜结构影响

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术,在一定射频功率、衬底温度和气压下,在普通玻璃衬底上制备了不同硅烷体积分数的Si薄膜材料.使用喇曼光谱对薄膜材料的结构进行了研究.结果表明,随着硅烷体积分数的降低,Si薄膜沉积速率将会逐渐降低.当硅烷体积分数降到2%时,喇曼光谱检测到出现对应的晶体Si的吸收峰,而最初的非晶吸收峰位逐渐减弱.Si薄膜的结构实现了由非晶向微晶转变.随着硅烷体积分数进一步降低,结晶率不断提高,微晶比例进一步扩大.     

(R)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇脱氢酶的纯化及酶学性质

高压匀浆破碎近平滑假丝酵母(Candida parapsilosis CCTCCM203011)得酶粗提液,经乙醇沉淀、DEAE-Sephacel离子交换层析、SuperdexG-75凝胶层析及亲和(Cibacron Blue 3GA)层析纯化得到以NADP+为辅酶的醇脱氢酶,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定为单一条带,纯化后比活力提高20倍.HPLC凝胶柱层析法检测相对分子质量为45 000,SDS-PAGE电泳测得相对分子质量为43 000,表明该酶为单亚基结构.以(RS)-1-苯基-1,2-乙二醇(简称苯乙二醇)为底物,该酶最适反应温度为45℃,最适反应pH值为8.0.金属离子中Mg2+对酶活的有一定激活作用.以纯酶催化转化消旋体苯乙二醇,该酶优先选择(R)型对映体为底物.     

棉用新型阻燃剂PPAP的制备及应用

利用二氯磷酰苯酯(PDCP)与乙二胺的亲核取代反应,制备出一种新型棉用低聚物氮-磷协效阻燃剂聚乙二胺磷酰苯酯(PPAP),并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征了其分子结构.同时研究了其在棉织物上的应用,确定了最优整理工艺:阻燃剂PPAP 350 g/L,催化剂磷酸30 g/L,交联剂100 g/L,160℃焙烘3 min.经过整理后,织物的损毁长度可降低至10 cm以下,在650℃时的成炭率可由11%提高到40%,织物的高温热稳定性显著提高.     

高效液相色谱法测定肉桂醛生物转化体系中10种苯基香料

建立一种同时测定微生物转化肉桂醛体系中10种天然苯基香精香料(苯甲醇、苯甲醛、苯甲酸、苯乙醇、苯乙酮、肉桂醇、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、3-苯丙醇和3-苯丙醛)的高效液相色谱分析方法。试样经无水乙醇提取,离心,过滤后进样。色谱分析采用SunFireTMC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇∶乙腈∶水∶冰醋酸=28.4∶18∶53.6∶0.04(体积比)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测器检测。10种待测物在2.00 mg/L^318.60 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(0.9987≤R2≤0.9996),方法检出限(method detection limit,LOD,S/N=3)为0.36 mg/L^1.16 mg/L,在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为92.13%~102.90%,RSD为0.62%~4.01%。该方法可用于微生物转化肉桂醛合成天然苯基香料的生物反应体系的成分分析,也可用于生物转化肉桂醛合成天然香料的菌种选育工作中。     

二苯甲酮和1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮从食品包装纸向奶粉与Tenax迁移研究

对二苯甲酮和1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮在高温条件下从食品包装纸（白卡纸和牛皮纸）向脂肪类模拟物Tenax以及全脂奶粉中的迁移规律进行研究。为避开奶粉中杂质色谱峰的干扰,气相色谱的升温条件为柱温：80 ℃保留3 min,温度以20 ℃/min 的速率升到150 ℃,保留10 min,然后再以30 ℃/min 升到290 ℃保留10 min。结果表明：温度越高,光引发剂向食品的迁移率就越高,且迁移速率也越大,达到平衡的时间也越短。纸张本身对脂肪的渗透能力是影响污染物迁移的重要影响因素,在高温下包装含脂量较高的食品时,应尽量避免选用脂肪渗透能力较强的纸张。光引发剂由同种纸质食品包装材料分别向Tenax和全脂奶粉迁移的研究表明,光引发剂向奶粉迁移的迁出率较高,奶粉作为一种真实的食品,有很好的吸附能力,因而适合用于做迁移研究,且奶粉成分复杂,更能代表真实食品的特性。     

镀铜钢纤维表面改性及其耐腐蚀性能和黏结性能

为了改善镀铜钢纤维与水泥基体的黏结强度,用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)和γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTS)对镀铜钢纤维进行表面处理.采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氯化钠溶液浸泡腐蚀试验和黏结强度测试来评价处理后镀铜钢纤维的性能.结果表明:MPTS与镀铜钢纤维表面发生了化学键合,提升了钢纤维表面粗糙度;经过MPS处理和MPTS/MPS组合处理的钢纤维腐蚀溶液的吸光度积分只有未处理组的91%和45%;经过MPS处理和MPTS/MPS组合处理的钢纤维从水泥基体中拔出时所做的功相对于未改性组分别提升了43%和224%,与水泥基体的黏结强度得到了相应提高.     

Anionic synthesis of aromatic carboxyl functionalized polymers. Chain-end functionalization of poly(styryl)lithium with 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl] oxazole

The novel syntheses of 4-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)benzophenone, 1-[4-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)phenyl]-1-phenylethanol and 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]oxazole ( 1 ) are described. ω-Oxazolyl polystyrene ( 2 ) was synthesized in quantitative yields by the reaction of poly(styryl)lithium with stoichiometric amounts of 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]oxazole ( 1 ) in toluene/tetrahydrofuran (4 : 1 v/v) at −78°C. Deblocking of the oxazoline protecting group by acid hydrolysis followed by saponification quantitatively provides the corresponding aromatic carboxyl chain-end functionalized polystyrene ( 3 ). The functionalization agent and functionalized polymers were characterized by HPLC, thin layer chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, vapor phase osmometry, spectroscopy (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FTIR), potentiometry and elemental analysis.     

Miscible blends of poly(vinyl phenyl ketone hydrogenated) and poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine)

Miscibility behavior over a wide composition range was detected for polymer blends of poly(vinyl phenyl ketone hydrogenated) (PVPhKH) with poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-co-4VPy). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo mechanical analysis (TMA) reveal that each composition has only one glass transition temperature. The variation of the glass transition temperature with composition for PVPhKH/PS-co-4VPy miscible blends follows the Gordon-Taylor equation. FTIR analysis of this binary system indicates the existence of hydrogen bonding between pyridine ring of PS-co-4VPy and hydroxyl groups insert into PVPhKH. This specific interaction has a decisive influence in the phase behavior of PVPhKH/PS-co-4VPy blends.