Bismuth phosphates as intermediate temperature proton conductors: From polycrystalline powders to amorphous glasses

Proton conducting electrolyte materials operational in the intermediate temperature range of 200–400 °C are of special interest for applications in fuel cells and water electrolysers. Bismuth phosphates in forms of polycrystalline powders and amorphous glasses are synthesized and investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis and AC impedance. Under dry atmosphere the pure crystalline and amorphous phosphates exhibit an intrinsic conductivity of up to 10^?5 S cm^?1 at 250 °C. In the presence of atmospheric humidity the conductivity of both types of phosphates is significantly enhanced, reaching about 10^?2 S cm^?1 at a water vapor partial pressure above 0.5 atm. During a period of more than 100 h with four humidity cycles from zero to 0.58 atm of the water vapor partial pressure, the phosphates show good stability, suggesting the potential as an intermediate temperature electrolyte.     

100kt/a粉状磷酸一铵节能扩产技术改造

安徽新中远化工科技有限公司根据市场的需要对产能100 kt/a的w(总养分)55%粉状磷酸一铵(MAP)生产装置进行了节能扩产技术改造。分别介绍了磷矿破碎、磷酸萃取、成品磷酸处理、中和浓缩、干燥等工序的扩能技改措施。通过改造,消除了生产瓶颈,粉状磷酸一铵产量提高了67%,年增加产量达50 kt,吨产品节水、节电效益为27.4元,年增加效益达1 500万元。     

Catalytic decomposition of ethanol on ­V2O5/AlPO4 catalysts

Different ratios of vanadium pentoxide supported on aluminum phosphate (1–30 mol%) have been prepared by an impregnation method. The original and calcined samples were characterized by TG, DTG, DSC, X‐ray diffraction, IR spectra, N₂ adsorption and electrical conductivity measurements. The catalytic decomposition of ethanol has been carried out at 210 °C in a flow system at 1 atm using air as a carrier gas. The results indicate that the catalysts calcined at 400 °C were active and selective towards ethene formation whereas the samples calcined at 600 °C showed a drastic reduction in both activity and selectivity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Physicochemical Properties of Different Types of Starch Phosphate Monoesters

Different types of starch were phosphorylated to different degrees of substitution using monosodium and disodium hydrogen orthophosphate at 160 °C under vacuum. Generally, phosphation enhanced the physicochemical properties of the modified starches compared to their native counterparts. Solubility and swelling power greatly increase when phosphorylation was carried out to a low degree of substitution, while the solubility and swelling power decreased gradually by increasing the degree of substitution. However, the values of the monoesters were still higher than those of the corresponding native polysaccharides. Viscosities of different starch types except corn amylose showed the highest values at the lowest degree of substitution, when the degree of phosphation increased the viscosity values decreased. Native potato starch formed a clear paste (96% transmittance) due to the presence of phosphate groups while the paste clarity of potato starch decreased gradually by increasing the degree of phosphation. Generally, phosphorylation increased the light transmittance of the other starches investigated at the lowest degree of substitution but the clarity decreased by increasing the degree of substitution.     

A tribological study of a ternary complex of zinc with dioxyethylenated octylphenol phosphate in water

A novel aqueous antiwear additive, a ternary complex of zinc with dioxyethylenated octylphenol phosphate and triethanolamine (TXOZ + TEA), has been synthesised. Its tribological behaviour in water was evaluated using a four‐ball tester. The results indicate that the complex in water exhibits higher load‐carrying capacity than mineral oil plus ZDTP, and excellent antiwear behaviour. The elemental composition of its rubbed surface was investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and the results of this analysis are presented in the paper. The action mechanism of the additive is also discussed.     

Enhancement of Bone-Forming Ability on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate by Modulating Cellular Senescence Mechanisms Using Senolytics

Various stresses latently induce cellular senescence that occasionally deteriorates the functioning of surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the appearance and function of senescent cells, caused by the implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)—used widely in dentistry and orthopedics for treating bone diseases. In this study, two varying sizes of β-TCP granules (<300 μm and 300–500 μm) were implanted, and using histological and immunofluorescent staining, appearances of senescent-like cells in critical-sized bone defects in the calvaria of Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Parallelly, bone formation in defects was investigated with or without the oral administration of senolytics (a cocktail of dasatinib and quercetin). A week after the implantation, the number of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, p21-, p19-, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells increased and then decreased upon administrating senolytics. This administration of senolytics also attenuated 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal staining, representing reactive oxygen species. Combining senolytic administration with β-TCP implantation significantly enhanced the bone formation in defects as revealed by micro-computed tomography analysis and hematoxylin-eosin staining. This study demonstrates that β-TCP granules latently induce senescent-like cells, and senolytic administration may improve the bone-forming ability of β-TCP by inhibiting senescence-associated mechanisms.     

Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell and Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Co-Culture to Prevascularize Scaffolds for Angiogenic and Osteogenic Tissue Engineering

(1) Background: Vascularization remains a critical challenge in bone tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to prevascularize calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold by co-culturing human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) for the first time; (2) Methods: hPDLSCs and/or hUVECs were seeded on CPC scaffolds. Three groups were tested: (i) hUVEC group (hUVECs on CPC); (ii) hPDLSC group (hPDLSCs on CPC); (iii) co-culture group (hPDLSCs + hUVECs on CPC). Osteogenic differentiation, bone mineral synthesis, and microcapillary-like structures were evaluated; (3) Results: Angiogenic gene expressions of co-culture group were 6–9 fold those of monoculture. vWF expression of co-culture group was 3 times lower than hUVEC-monoculture group. Osteogenic expressions of co-culture group were 2–3 folds those of the hPDLSC-monoculture group. ALP activity and bone mineral synthesis of co-culture were much higher than hPDLSC-monoculture group. Co-culture group formed capillary-like structures at 14–21 days. Vessel length and junction numbers increased with time; (4) Conclusions: The hUVECs + hPDLSCs co-culture on CPC scaffold achieved excellent osteogenic and angiogenic capability in vitro for the first time, generating prevascularized networks. The hPDLSCs + hUVECs co-culture had much better osteogenesis and angiogenesis than monoculture. CPC scaffolds prevacularized via hPDLSCs + hUVECs are promising for dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.     

废旧磷酸铁锂正极材料的硫酸熟化-水浸工艺研究

为提高磷酸铁锂中Fe、Li和P浸出率,同时实现高效去除Cu、Al和F,开发了硫酸熟化-水浸、铁粉置换除铜、化学沉淀-萃取二段除铝工艺。结果表明,在熟化时间2.5 h、熟化温度110 ℃、固液比4.0/1、水浸温度60 ℃及水浸时间2 h的最佳条件下,硫酸熟化-水浸工艺可将浓硫酸的使用量降至理论值的0.75倍,此时铁浸出率达95%以上,氟脱除率达74.4%; 铁粉置换除铜过程中,控制初始pH=1.2,铁粉加入量为理论值的1.2倍时,浸出液中残留的Cu²⁺浓度可降至4.9 mg/L以下; 采用化学沉淀-P204萃取二段除铝工艺,可将浸出液中Al³⁺浓度降至10 mg/L以下。     

云南某低品位胶磷矿选矿试验研究

对云南某低品位堆存矿进行了配矿浮选试验研究,探索了磨矿细度、硫酸用量、磷酸用量、捕收剂YP6-6用量对浮选指标的影响。结果表明,采用一粗一精、中矿闭路返回单一反浮选工艺流程,在磨矿细度-0.074 mm粒级占97.83%、H₂SO₄用量24.0 kg/t、H₃PO₄用量2.4 kg/t、YP6-6用量2.8 kg/t条件下,原矿品位为22.5%的混合矿经选别后可获得P₂O₅品位28.48%、P₂O₅回收率80.93%、MgO含量0.78%的磷精矿。     

聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

传统方法制备的异相离子交换膜,在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中使用存在树脂粉脱落和膜性能严重下降的现象,针对这一问题使用流涎法制备出了以聚偏氟乙烯为高分子膜骨架,以聚氯乙烯树脂粉为主要荷电基团,以磷钨酸和磷酸锆颗粒为掺杂荷电基团的聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜。研究了聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜的基本性能,测试了膜在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中的电解稳定性,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜的表面和截面微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,相比于传统方法制备的异相阳离子交换膜,流涎法制备的聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜,膜的选择透过性能和导电性能均有所提高,在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中的电解稳定性也得到了很大的改善,基本上不存在树脂粉脱落和膜性能严重下降的问题。