Bacterial inactivation in water,DNA strand breaking,and membrane damage induced by ultraviolet-assisted titanium dioxide photocatalysis

The effects of UV-assisted TiO₂-photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) inactivation of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium) in a liquid culture using different domains of UV irradiation (A, B and C) were evaluated. Structural changes in super-coiled plasmid DNA (pUC19) and genomic DNA of E. coli were observed using gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the photodynamic DNA strand breaking activity of UV-assisted TiO₂-PCO. Membrane damage in bacterial cells was observed using both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Both UVC-TiO₂-PCO and UVC alone resulted in an earlier bactericidal phase (initial counts of approximately 6 log CFU/mL) in 60 s and 90 s, respectively, in liquid culture. UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 6 min converted all plasmid DNA to the linear form; however, under UVC irradiation alone, super-coiled DNA remained. Prolonged UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment resulted in structural changes in genomic DNA from E. coli. SEM observations revealed that bacteria suffered severe visible cell damage after UVC-TiO₂-PCO treatment for 30–60 min. S. typhimurium cells showed visible damage after 30 min, which was confirmed using CLSM. All treated cells were stained red using propidium iodide under a fluorescent light.     

建筑玻璃贴膜新技术

建筑玻璃贴膜具有隔热节能、安全防爆、易装贴、隔紫外线等特点,作为建筑节能的新技术,市场潜力大,发展前景广阔。文章从传统建筑节能的技术出发,比较了玻璃贴膜的节能优势,简要介绍了玻璃贴膜的原材料、制备工艺、玻璃贴膜分类以及玻璃贴膜的发展状况。     

扩渗温度对TiO_2 NTs/TC4光催化制氢性能的影响

为了提高TiO_2薄膜光催化活性,采用阳极氧化在TC4钛合金表面制备了TiO_2纳米管阵列。利用扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、拉曼谱图、X-射线光电子能谱和紫外可见漫反射光吸收对热扩渗后的阳极化膜层的微观结构进行表征。结果表明:在TC4钛合金的α和β相,氧化膜呈不同的形貌,α相区域纳米管的孔径约为50 nm,β相区域只形成了不规则、大小不均的1~10 nm的小孔。氧化物中V离子的存在对锐钛矿相的生成具有抑制作用,扩渗θ在500和600℃时,膜层中存在少量结晶度不高锐钛矿与金红石相并存的晶体结构。吸附在阳极化膜层表面的碳化物含有石墨相,碳修饰TiO_2纳米管列在可见光区域有很强的光响应区间。在600℃扩渗温度下得到的具有部分石墨化的C修饰V掺杂的TiO_2NTs光催化活性最高,膜层产氢速率为21.25μmol/h。     

Dip coated nanostructured ZnO thin film: Synthesis and application

The preparation and characterization of highly selective room temperature ammonia sensorusing nanostructured dip coated ZnO thin films were discused. A highly viscous precursor solution was prepared using Zinc Nitrate hexahydrate as a starting material and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a thickening agent. Morphology and structure of the annealed films were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Diffractometer characterization techniques. The presence of zinc and oxygen in the sample was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy The gas sensing behavior of ZnO thin films was studied at room temperature. It exhibited very high selectivity and excellent sensing towards ammonia gas. Further, sensing behavior towards other gases like ethanol and formaldehyde and the various concentrations of NH₃ were studied.     

钛铁试剂共振散射法测定废胶片中的银含量

在p H 3.5的B-R(Britton-Robinson)缓冲溶液中,钛铁试剂(Tiron)和Ag(Ⅰ)在室温下发生配位反应,使得体系在323 nm处产生1个较强的共振散射峰。在优化实验条件下,体系的共振散射强度增加值(ΔI)与Ag(Ⅰ)的质量浓度(0.010~4.0μg/m L范围内)呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为27.4 ng/m L。该法操作简便、灵敏度高、选择性好,用于废胶片中Ag含量的测定,回收率为96.8%~98.7%。     

Interaction dynamics of a spherical particle with a suspended liquid film

Hydrodynamics of collision interactions between a particle and gas‐liquid interface such as droplet/film is of keen interest in many engineering applications. The collision interaction between a suspended liquid (water) film of thickness 3.41 ± 0.04 mm and an impacting hydrophilic particle (glass ballotini) of different diameters (1.1–3.0 mm) in low particle impact Weber number ( ) range (1.4–33) is reported. Two distinct outcomes were observed—particle retention in the film at lower Weber number and complete penetration of the film toward higher Weber number cases. A collision parameter was defined based on energy balance approach to demarcate these two interaction regimes which agreed reasonably well with the experimental outcomes. It was shown that the liquid ligament forming in the complete penetration cases breaks up purely by “dripping/end pinch‐off” mechanism and not due to capillary wave instability. An analytical model based on energy balance approach was proposed to determine the liquid mass entrainment associated with the ligament which compared well with the experimental measurements. A good correlation between the %film mass entrained and the particle Bond number ( ) was obtained which indicated a dependency of Bo^1.72. Computationally, a three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate these interactions using different contact angle boundary conditions which in general showed reasonable agreement with experiment but also indicated deficiency of a constant contact angle value to depict the interaction physics in entirety. The computed force profiles from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suggest dominance of the pressure force over the viscous force almost by an order of magnitude in all the Weber number cases studied. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 295–314, 2016     

影响降膜蒸发器关键设计参数的因素分析

降膜蒸发器是一种高效并被广泛应用的关键设备。介绍了蒸发器的设计计算逻辑及数学模型,分别计算了系统压力、单管液体流量、强制循环量以及管径管长对蒸发器设计的影响,并对分析结果进行分析和比较,得出系统压力是影响蒸发器规模的主要因素。提高系统压力可大幅度降低蒸发器规模,降低投资成本。在保证蒸发器最低液体流量前提下,选用较低的单管液体流量和较大的强制循环比可以提高系统的稳定性能。     

Preparation and performance of PANI–PVA composite film doped with HCl

The polyaniline (PANI)–poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film doped with HCl was prepared by adopting PVA as matrix. Effects of PVA content and film drying temperature on properties of HCl–PANI–PVA composite film were studied. A comparison was made for tensile strength, elasticity, conductivity and thermal stability of PVA, HCl–PANI or HCl–PANI–PVA. PVA film presented the highest tensile strength and elasticity (150.8?MPa and 300.0%), but its conductivity was the lowest. The conductivity of HCl–PANI–PVA was the highest (1500?S?m^?1), and tensile strength and elasticity of HCl–PANI–PVA were higher than those of HCl–PANI. The order of their thermal stability is PVA?>?HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA before 260°C, and the order of their thermal stability is HCl–PANI?>?HCl–PANI–PVA?>?PVA after 260°C. At the same time, the structure and conductive mechanism of composite materials were characterised and analysed through infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

N掺杂TiO_2/Ti液膜光催化处理染料废水

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂Ti O2膜电极(N-Ti O2/Ti),并优化了制备条件。结果表明,n(N)∶n(Ti)=0.84∶1、经450℃煅烧2.5 h制得的膜电极光催化性能最佳;与Cu电极组装斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光下考察光催化反应的影响因素。得出最佳降解条件为:初始p H=2.50,废水流量为85 m L/min,Na2SO4质量浓度为0.5 g/L,此条件下处理20 mg/L苋菜红120 min,脱色率可达90.1%;膜电极的重现性与重复性结果表明,6片电极60 min的脱色率为78.1%±4.0%;一片电极经6次循环60 min脱色率比初次减少了7.9%。     

管道3LPE防腐蚀层补口失效原因及建议

根据调研,管道3LPE补口失效主要以密封失效和底漆失效为主,分析了其失效的主要原因;针对失效的原因,提出了五种热收缩带补口技术的改进措施。同时,面对热收缩带不可避免的失效问题,通过调研多个现场开挖验证实例,分析并对比了多种新型3LPE补口技术的应用及检测结果。有助于全面认识热收缩带补口技术,并为后续管道工程中3LPE防腐蚀层补口方法的选择和改进提供多种思路。