浅谈影像信息在教学中的应用

在21世纪教育信息技术朝着数字化,网络化发展的大潮方向下,传统的摄影技术及其教学应用也要适应信息技术的发展和新的技术紧密结合,以便在教学中发挥更大的作用。本文分析探讨在新型的数字化、网络化环境下,摄影技术如何结合新技术新环境更好地发挥其作用。     

基于激光雷达与倾斜摄影融合技术的电力巡检系统设计

针对传统的电力巡检系统仅应用激光雷达或倾斜摄影技术,导致电力巡检的可视化效果差,无人机巡检时间长的问题,将激光雷达与倾斜摄影技术融合起来,对电力巡检系统进行优化。对激光雷达和倾斜摄影相机进行了详细设计,给出倾斜摄影相机的摄影模式示意图;采用无人机三维激光雷达技术对输电线路通道环境进行扫描,获取架空输电线路走廊大范围的三维激光点云数据;设计点云数据与图片的采集和处理流程,对点云数据进行精度校验,布设倾斜摄影技术的像控点点位,校正影像并协同外业测量成果和POS数据得到匹配点云,将2种技术得到的数据进行融合建模,完成系统设计。为验证设计系统的有效性,选择某段路线进行建模测试。实验结果表明,所设计系统的可视化效果好,有效缩短了无人机巡检时长,有效提升了巡检效率。     

柴油机燃烧过程涡流室内瞬态温度分布的研究

采用激光莫尔偏折技术 ,结合高速摄影方法 ,对 S1 95柴油机燃烧过程涡流室内的瞬态温度分布进行了测试研究 ,定量描述并详细分析了燃烧过程涡流室内的温度分布规律及其变化历程     

An index directly indicates land-based pollutant load contributions of domestic wastewater to the water pollution and its application

As indices directly indicate land-based pollutant load contributions to public water pollution, pollutant load per capita flowing into the water body (PLCwb) for the drainage areas of inner city rivers in Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, was analyzed. It was reaffirmed that PLCwb was different by the drainage area. For example, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load per capita flowing into the water body (PLCwb-BOD) was calculated as 0.83 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for population served with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In regards to the three types of on-site domestic wastewater treatment methods in Japan: 0.4-2.1 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for combined jokaso (CJ), 4.5-21 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for simple jokaso (SJ) and 4.3-19 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for night soil treatment (NST). In regards to nutrient parameters of the three on-site treatment methods, population weighted average of PLCwb were almost the same, however, relatively small PLCwb were observed for CJ and SJ through the analysis. Environmental accounting housekeeping (EAH) books for domestic wastewater were prepared based on the analysis results as the application of the indices. EAH books are effective tools for water pollution mitigation in public water bodies. The results of the preliminary correlation analysis of the indices showed that high-efficiency treatment methods including WWTP, agriculture village wastewater treatment facility (AVETF) and CJ are effective in reducing pollutant load flowing into the water body, and that PLCwb have second-order equation relationships with population density of the drainage area. Judging from these characteristics and the analytical results of this study, PLCwb may be useful as an index for demonstrating the benefit of wastewater treatment in reduction of water pollution in the water body.     

Elemental silver nano-sized crystals: various geometric forms and their specific growth parameters

The data have been systematized and generalized on the specific synthesis of elemental silver nano-sized crystals (Ag-NC) having the forms of various geometric bodies (pseudo spherical, prismatic, cubic, trigonal-pyramidal, etc.), obtained by various chemical, physicochemical and biological methods. It has been noted, that the form of the synthesized Ag-NC can be controlled by changing the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters at each key stage of the synthesis (nucleation, seeding, and growth). Moreover, the size range of spherical and cubic silver nanocrystals can be influenced by either physical, chemical or biological methods during the synthesis, but such forms as nanorods, nanowires and nanobars can only be synthesized by chemical or physical methods at the present time. The review covers articles comprehensively mainly published in the last 20 years.     

AZ91磁控A-TIG焊电弧形态及焊接接头组织性能

为了分析磁场和活性剂对AZ91镁合金焊缝组织性能的影响规律并探究相应的作用机理,在A-TIG焊接过程中施加纵向交流磁场,采用高速摄影技术观察并拍摄电弧运动形态,对焊缝进行硬度、显微组织和物相组成分析.结果表明,当磁场电流为1.5 A、磁场频率为50 Hz、焊接电流为80 A、涂覆量为3 mg/cm~2时,焊缝硬度最大值为68.88 HV.在合适的磁场参数和活性剂配比下,电弧挺度最大,电弧收缩明显,此时电弧的搅拌作用致使晶粒显著细化,且析出相Al_(12)Mg_(17)明显增多,这对改善焊接接头的力学性能具有积极作用.     

转镜式高速摄影机角跟踪精度的检测

为了提高转镜式高速摄影机测量弹丸运动轨迹的精度,本文通过合理假设和理论推导,依据弹丸外弹道飞行运动模型得到了弹丸飞行过程的数学模型。结合室内检测条件,设计了用于转镜式高速摄影机角跟踪精度的检测装置并分析了测试原理。用该设备实测了转镜式高速摄影机的角跟踪精度,并对检测装置的测量不确定度来源进行了分析。结果显示:被测转镜式高速摄影机的角跟踪精度为(0.34±0.06)°,检测装置的相对不确定度为3.0″;不确定度来源主要为角度测量不确定度和焦距测量不确定度。实验结果表明,设计的检测装置具有较高的准确度和可靠性。     

基于三维摄影扫描技术的几何检测研究

介绍了基于三维摄影与三维扫描相结合的光学非接触式测量方法,对螺母柱零件进行测量,并与三坐标仪的接触式测量相比较,说明其满足高精度快速测量的要求.     

磁驱动飞片的超高速激光阴影扫描摄影技术

针对磁驱动飞片的物理过程,设计了显微装置和激光阴影照明装置.结合超高速转镜式扫描相机,利用串联式光电开关避免相机像面重复曝光,有效地解决了飞片被碰撞过程中严重影响测试结果的自发强光现象,获得了磁驱动加载下飞片运动过程清晰的一维扫描试验图像.图像分析数据表明,在充电电压为60～64 kV时,可将尺寸为8 mm×6 mm×0.7/0.9 mm的Lyl2铝飞片发射至9～14 km/s的超高速度,且飞片运动速度与充电电压和飞片厚度有关.该项工作为磁驱动飞片运动过程的研究提供了一种重要的测试手段,其测试方法也适用于其它产生强烈杂光的高速碰撞的测试研究.     

基于傅里叶变换的数字散斑照相测量

提出了基于傅里叶变换的双曝光散斑场的全场数字化测量。对双曝光散斑图进行傅里叶变换得到条纹图以灰度归一法和相位构造法将其优化,获取低噪声、高对比度的散斑干涉条纹。平面位移的测量实验结果表明,数字散斑照相技术适合计算机进行自动条纹识别和位移场计算,能得到较为精确的水平位移值,可实现变形场的精准测量。