赵孟頫《万柳堂图》中的园林、雅集活动及其影响

本文以《万柳堂图》上的题诗与跋文为线索,结合相关历史文献,借助图像学的方法,对图中所描绘的园林格局、雅集活动及其对后世的影响进行了研究。再现了《万柳堂图》中的建筑布局,揭示了万柳堂园林建筑"T"字布局、端部放大、山面开敞、面水而居、百柳环绕、营建规格较高等特征;得出后世《广客谈》《南村辍耕录》等有关万柳堂及其雅集的记载均源于《万柳堂图》的结论。以期为万柳堂园林再现、宋元园林图像研究提供参考。     

室内声场重现中的时域去卷积方法

为了在带反射边界的普通房间内重现声场,需要对原始声场信号进行去卷积处理,以获得扬声器驱动信号。本文建立了房间内声场重现的时域模型,在模型中采用长时长的去卷积网络,以获得高精度同时抑制了时域混叠效应,再针对卷积滤波的海量计算问题使用了快速滤波算法,提高了计算效率。汽车车内加速噪声的重现实验结果表明：本文所提出的时域模型可以高效准确地完成声压信号的去卷积化,实现普通房间内声场的定量重现。     

互叶紫花醉鱼草扦插繁育试验

互叶紫花醉鱼草是宁夏经多年引种选育出的优良观赏型沙旱生花灌木,为寻求互叶紫花醉鱼草快速繁育的最佳方法,满足园林绿化种苗的需求,对互叶紫花醉鱼草进行了不同浓度生根剂嫩枝扦插生根试验,不同基质嫩枝扦插生根对比试验,不同时期半硬枝扦插生根对比试验,不同浓度生根剂硬枝扦插对比试验,穴盘育苗与营养袋、苗床育苗生根比较试验,以及不同时期的硬枝扦插试验.结果表明：互叶紫花醉鱼草嫩枝扦插生根快,成活率高;硬枝扦插生根时间长,成活率较低;容器育苗利于苗木根系生长,育苗期短,成活率高.扦插育苗中采用基质育苗,利用生根剂处理,可明显提高互叶紫花醉鱼草扦插繁殖成活率,缩短育苗时间,实现互叶紫花醉鱼草扦插快速繁育.     

Using Two‐Photon Excitation to Control Bending Motions in Molecular‐Crystal Nanorods

Molecular‐crystal nanorods composed of 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid can undergo reversible bending due to molecular‐level geometry changes associated with the photodimerization of the molecules in the crystal lattice. The use of highly focused near‐IR femtosecond laser pulses results in two‐photon excitation of micrometer‐scale regions and is used to induce transient bends at various locations along the length of a single 200‐nm‐diameter nanorod. Bending can be observed in nanorods with diameters as small as 35 nm, and translational motion of a single nanorod could be induced by sequential bending of longer segments. A kinetic model is presented that quantitatively describes the bending and relaxation dynamics of individual rods. The results of this work show that it is possible to use laser excitation conditions to control the location, rate, and magnitude of photodeformations in these nanorods. The ability to control the motion of these ultrasmall photomechanical structures may be useful for manipulating objects on the nanoscale.     

跨媒体颜色再现方法的研究

总结了跨媒体复杂图像颜色再现方法的研究现状及发展方向,介绍了基于空间视觉的颜色再现、基于CIECAM02的颜色再现和基于图像色貌模型3种方法的研究内容及发展趋势;着重分析了跨媒体颜色再现的难点和突破点,应用前景方面的优势和显著的实际应用价值.     

The “Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” of Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Human Fertility

Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and represents the first step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of endothelial health is fundamental in clinical practice and several direct and indirect markers have been suggested so far to identify any alterations in endothelial homeostasis. Alongside the known endothelial role on vascular health, several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that proper endothelial functioning plays a key role in human fertility and reproduction. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review updates the endothelial health markers discriminating between those available for clinical practice or for research purposes and their application in human fertility. Moreover, new molecules potentially helpful to clarify the link between endothelial and reproductive health are evaluated herein.     

Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development

Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.     

Associations between dry period length and time to culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation

The association between dry period length (DPL) and time to culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation may be important for the economically optimal length of the dry period. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) quantify the association between DPL and hazard of culling and pregnancy in the subsequent lactation; (2) develop continuous functions of DPL for the hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy; and (3) investigate the effect of a cause-specific hazards model and a subdistribution model to analyze competing events. The data used in this observational cohort study were from dairy herd improvement milk test lactation records from 40 states in the United States. After edits, there remained 1,108,515 records from 6,730 herds with the last days dry in 2014 or 2015. The records from 2 adjacent lactations (current, subsequent) were concatenated with the DPL of interest, 21 to 100 d, in between both lactations. We defined 8 DPL categories of 10 d each. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to show associations between DPL and time to culling or pregnancy for 3 lactation groups: lactation 1 and 2, lactation 2 and 3, and lactation 3 and greater. To control for confounding factors in Cox proportional models, we included 6 current lactation covariates and 3 time-dependent variables in the survival models. Hazard ratios of culling were estimated for 4 days in milk (DIM) categories from 1 to 450 DIM. Hazard ratios of pregnancy were estimated for 3 DIM categories from 61 to 300 DIM. Competing risk analysis of 8 disposal codes (i.e., farmer reported reasons) for culling and the culling event for pregnancy were conducted by a cause-specific hazards model and a subdistribution model. Hazard ratios were also estimated as quadratic polynomials of DPL. Compared with the reference DPL category of 51 to 60 d, hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy of the other 7 DPL categories ranged between 0.70 and 1.49, and 0.93 and 1.15, respectively. Short DPL were associated with lower risk of culling in the early lactation but not over the entire lactation. Short DPL were associated with greater hazard of pregnancy. Trends in hazard ratios over the ranges of the 8 DPL categories were not always consistent. Competing risk analysis with both models provided little differences in hazard ratios of culling and pregnancy. In conclusion, variations in DPL were associated with meaningful differences in the hazard ratios for culling and pregnancy and minor differences in the relative frequency of disposal codes. Subdistribution hazards models produced hazard ratios similar to cause-specific hazard models. The quadratic polynomials may be useful for decision support on customization of DPL for individual cows.     

Death Processes in Bovine Theca and Granulosa Cells Modelled and Analysed Using a Systems Biology Approach

In this paper, newly discovered mechanisms of atresia and cell death processes in bovine ovarian follicles are investigated. For this purpose the mRNA expression of receptor interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) of the granulosa and theca cells derived from healthy and atretic follicles are studied. The follicles were assigned as either healthy or atretic based on the estradiol to progesterone ratio. A statistically significant difference was recorded for the mRNA expression of a RIPK1 and RIPK3 between granulosa cells from healthy and atretic follicles. To further investigate this result a systems biology approach was used. The genes playing roles in necroptosis, apoptosis and atresia were chosen and a network was created based on human genes annotated by the IMEx database in Cytoscape to identify hubs and bottle-necks. Moreover, correlation networks were built in the Cluepedia plug-in. The networks were created separately for terms describing apoptosis and programmed cell death. We demonstrate that necroptosis (RIPK—dependent cell death pathway) is an alternative mechanism responsible for death of bovine granulosa and theca cells. We conclude that both apoptosis and necroptosis occur in the granulosa cells of dominant follicles undergoing luteinisation and in the theca cells from newly selected follicles.