200MW机组电除尘器的优化改造

介绍了200MW机组电除尘器优化改造为电-袋除尘器的原因、选型对比分析情况以及主要实施方案。分析了电-袋除尘器的工作原理和性能特点,提出了运行调整措施,降低了机组烟尘排放浓度,增加了社会效益和经济效益。     

流域水情自动测报系统建设和运行管理新思路探析

以金沙江中游梯级水电站水情自动测报系统的建设和运行管理实践经验为基础,总结和探索流域梯级水电站水情自动测报系统建设和运行管理的新思路,以期对今后流域水情测报系统的建设和运行管理起到借鉴作用。     

洮河流域水电梯级开发存在的问题及环境保护对策

通过对洮河流域水电资源开发现状的调查和资料搜集,分析了洮河流域梯级水电站开发存在的问题及其原因,提出了保护恢复流域生态环境的科学对策。     

基于声发射和神经网络的复合材料冲击定位

为了提高复合材料结构冲击定位的精度和实时性,基于声发射和神经网络技术,提出了复合材料结构冲击定位两步法,以压电陶瓷（PZT）和自制信号采集系统替代商用声发射仪器,实现了一种能够高精度、实时、在线监测冲击的系统。用小波变换求出原点处冲击源传播到各传感器的波达时间差,用这组时间差修正其他位置上的冲击源到达各传感器的波达时间,利用修正后的波达时间,根据四点圆弧定位算法得到冲击源坐标,实现初步定位;将所求出的位置坐标作为神经网络的输入,训练之后的神经网络可以准确预测冲击位置,实现精确定位。在复合材料板上的试验表明：该方法能快速、准确地识别出冲击位置。     

低功耗数字控制超长波发射与接收系统

针对管道、矿山和水下等特殊环境中的信息通讯与信号传输等问题,根据超长波(ELF Electromagnetic Wave)具有传播损耗小且相位稳定等特点,给出了超长波发射与接收系统的设计原理与实现过程.发射系统采用单片机控制,输出的信号经发射天线产生23 Hz超长波,接收系统对采集到的信号进行带通滤波及放大处理.工程实验表明,所设计的系统在锂电池供电状态下,具有发射功耗低(连续工作时间大于72 h)、发射功率大(传播距离大于10 m)、且对接收的信号处理快速可靠(动态时滞小于5 s)等优点.     

Exploring a Stable and Dense 3D Lead Chloride Hybrid with Emission of Self-Trapped Excitons toward X-Ray Scintillation

The exceptional photophysical properties of 3D organic–inorganic lead halide hybrids (OILHs) endow their significant potential for usage in optoelectronics, which has sparked intense research on novel 3D OILHs and associated applications. However, constructing new 3D OILHs based on large organic cations suffers from tough challenges due to the limitation of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule, let alone further explorations of their practical applications. Herein, a brand-new 3D lead chloride hybrid, (1MPZ)Pb₄Cl₁₀·H₂O ( 1 , 1MPZ = 1-methylpiperazine) is reported, featuring a dense 3D lead chloride framework made of the corner-, edge-, and face-shared lead chloride polyhedra. 1 presents a broadband white light emission with a large Stokes shift and a nanosecond photoluminescence lifetime, which originates from radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs) induced by the highly distorted structure. Such a reabsorption-free and fast-decayed STEs emission coupling with the dense 3D architecture further enables 1 with effective X-ray scintillation with good sensitivity. Impressively, 1 also shows superior environmental and radiation stability. This study provides a new 3D OILH with appealing luminescence, not only expanding the 3D OILH family but also inspiring the exploitation of their optoelectronic applications.     

A NIR-II AIEgen-Based Supramolecular Nanodot for Peroxynitrite-Potentiated Mild-Temperature Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Compared to conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) which requires hyperthermia higher than 50 °C, mild-temperature PTT is a more promising antitumor strategy with much lower phototoxicity to neighboring normal tissues. However, the therapeutic efficacy of mild-temperature PTT is always restricted by the thermoresistance of cancer cells. To address this issue, a supramolecular drug nanocarrier is fabricated to co-deliver nitric oxide (NO) and photothermal agent DCTBT with NIR-II aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic for mild-temperature PTT. NO can be effectively released from the nanocarriers in intracellular reductive environment and DCTBT is capable of simultaneously producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hyperthermia upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The generated ROS can further react with NO to produce peroxynitrite (ONOOˉ) bearing strong oxidization and nitration capability. ONOOˉ can inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) to reduce the thermoresistance of cancer cells, which is necessary to achieve excellent therapeutic efficacy of DCTBT-based PTT at mild temperature (<50 °C). The antitumor performance of ONOOˉ-potentiated mild-temperature PTT is validated on subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. This research puts forward an innovative strategy to overcome thermoresistance for mild-temperature PTT, which provides new inspirations to explore ONOOˉ-sensitized tumor therapy strategies.     

结合跨层特征融合与级联检测器的防震锤缺陷检测

目的 防震锤可以减少输电线路的周期性震动以降低线路的疲劳损害,定期对防震锤进行巡检非常必要。针对目前无人机巡检输电线路所得航拍图像背景复杂,而种类较多、形状各异以及特性不一的防震锤在航拍图像中占据像素面积很小,导致防震锤检测过程中出现的检测精度低、无法确定缺陷类型等问题,提出了一种结合跨层特征融合和级联检测器的防震锤缺陷检测方法。方法 本文使用无人机对防震锤部件巡检的航拍图像进行数据扩充建立防震锤缺陷检测数据集,并划分了4种缺陷类型,为研究提供了数据基础。首先,以VGG16（Visual GeometryGroup 16-layer network）为基础对1、3、5层特征进行特征融合得到特征图,平衡了语义信息和空间特征;其次,使用3个级联检测器对目标进行分类定位,减小了交并比（intersection over union,IoU）阈值对网络性能的影响;最后,将非极大值抑制法替换为Soft-NMS（soft non-maximum suppression）算法,去除边界框保留了最佳结果。结果 在自建数据集上验证网络模型对4种防震锤缺陷类型的检测效果,与现有基于深度学习的其他6种先进算法相比,本文算法的平均准确率比Fast R-CNN（fast region-based convolutional network）、Faster R-CNN、YOLOv4（you only look onceversion 4）分别提高了13.5%、3.4%、5.8%,比SSD300（single shot MultiBox detector 300）、YOLOv3、RetinaNet分别提高了9.5%、8.5%、8%。与Faster R-CNN相比,本文方法的误检率降低了5.61%,漏检率降低了3.01%。结论 本文提出的防震锤缺陷检测方法对不同背景、不同光照、不同角度、不同尺度、不同种类和不同缺陷种类的防震锤均有较好的检测结果,不但可以更好地提取防震锤的特征,而且还能提高分类和位置预测网络的定位精度,从而有效提高了防震锤缺陷检测算法的准确率,在满足防震锤巡检工作实际检测要求的同时还具有较好的鲁棒性和有效性。     

基于DDPG的柔性伺服系统级联陷波器设计

针对柔性伺服系统的多频谐振抑制问题,提出一种基于DDPG的级联陷波器参数整定方法。以系统速度环开环bode图及陷波器bode图预处理结果作为训练数据,并以相位裕度作为奖励函数训练神经网络,实现所设计的伺服系统级联陷波器深度及宽度参数优化训练。搭建了三质量柔性伺服系统实验平台,并开展了多频谐振抑制实验,实验结果表明所提出的参数选择方法能够 找到具有最大相位裕度的陷波器参数,并有效地抑制系统多频谐振。     

Nonlinear cascade control of an electro-hydraulic actuator with large payload variation

Electro-hydraulic actuators have been widely used in industrial production, but the unknown variable payload seriously affects its position control accuracy. Therefore, a radial basis function neural network disturbance observer is designed to estimate the lumped disturbance force through strong online learning ability in the absence of force sensor. Besides, a nonlinear cascade controller with double loop structure is proposed in this paper. A global fast terminal sliding mode control method is firstly applied in the outer loop position system, which can eliminate chattering and improve convergence speed comparing to traditional sliding mode control. The inner loop force system adopts a backstepping control method to calculate the actual input of the whole system. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed controller is stable even if existing time-variant disturbance. Moreover, three comparative controllers are designed and tested in both simulations and experiments. Comparative results show that the developed method has absolute average errors of 1.14 and 0.49 mm in different position tracking, which means more satisfactory tracking performance compared to the contrast controllers.