MES捕获CO2及高效催化转化研究进展

微生物电合成(Microbial electrosynthesis，MES)为二氧化碳还原为乙酸盐和其他多碳物提供了一条可持续的生化转化途径，利用电能驱动微生物固定CO2具有原料容易、操作条件温和、不含有毒物质、环境可持续性等特点，为全球碳中和、碳减排带来了新机遇。在研究人员对提高产率、转化效率、碳链延长方面的深入研究下，基于对电极材料的选择、修饰，菌群的驯化，操作条件的限制，乙酸最高产率达1330g/(m2?d)，催化转化C1废气并耦合二次发酵生产了C2-C4产物以及具有更长碳链的中链脂肪酸。在概述阴极电活性微生物吸收胞外电子的分子机制捕获和转化CO2的基础上，综述了合成有机酸的代谢原理、二维和三维等电极材料使用现状以及提高产物产率、产物及碳链延长的方法，并对未来MES的研究方向做出了展望。     

Drying-induced stresses in elastic and viscoelastic saturated materials

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of stresses generated during convective drying of kaolin, based on elastic and viscoelastic models. The equations of these models were solved analytically for a cylindrically shaped sample; the distribution and evolution of the radial and circumferential stresses are illustrated in diagrams. The acoustic emission method was used in experimental tests for identification on line of the time period during which the stresses reach their maximal values. A better correlation has been found between the experimental tests and the theoretical predictions obtained on the basis of the viscoelastic model.     

REACTOR-MEMBRANE PERMEATOR CASCADE FOR ENHANCED PRODUCTION AND RECOVERY OF H2 AND CO2 FROM THE CATALYTIC METHANE-STEAM REFORMING REACTION

The catalytic reforming of methane by steam is an important industrial process that produces H₂, CO and CO₂, thus chemically transforming natural gas, coal gas and light hydrocarbon feedstocks to synthesis gas or hydrogen fuel. Methane-steam reforming may consist of a number of reactions depending on the reforming catalyst, operating conditions and feedstock composition, The typical industrially desirable reactions are the reverse of methanation (CH₄ + H₂O = CO + 3H₂) and the water-gas shift (CO + H₂O = CO₂ + H₂). Both reactions are equilibrium limited and the composition of the mixture that exits the reformer is in accordance with the one calculated thermodynarmically. Removal of reaction products at the reactor exit by means of selective membrane permeation can offer improved CH₄ conversions and CO₂ and H₂ yields, assuming the subsequent utilization of the reject streams by a second methane-steam reformer. We numerically investigated the feasibility of a system of two tubular methane-steam reformers, in series with an intermediate permselective polyimide membrane permeator, as means of improving the overall CH₄ conversion and the H₂, CO₂ yields over conventional methane-steam reforming equilibrium reaction-separation schemes that are currently in industrial practice. The unique feature of the permselective polyimide separator is the simultaneous removal of H₂ and CO₂ versus CH₄ and CO from the reformed streams. The utilized 6FDA-3,3', 5,5'-TMB aromatic polyimide was reportedly characterized [10] and found to exhibit superior permselective properties compared with other polyimides of the same or different dianhydride sequence. Conversion and yield of the designed reactor-membrane permeator reforming system can be maximized by optimizing the permselective properties of the membrane material and the design variables of the reactors and the permeator. Product recovery and purity in the permeate stream need to be compromised to overall enhance methane conversion and product yield. The operating variables that were varied to investigate their effect on the magnitude of conversion and yield included the inlet pressure of the first reformer, the temperature of both reformers, and the permeator dimensionless Pe' number (variation of the first two variables results to a drastic change in the composition of the reformed stream that enters into the permeator). The numerical results show that the new reformer-membrane permeator cascade process can be more effective (it can offer increased CH₄ conversions and H₂, CO₂ yields) than conventional equilibrium methane-steam reforming reaction-separation processes currently in practice.     

聚酯装置热媒系统串级使用节能改造

现有部分聚酯车间设计和建设时间较早,装置能耗较高,为了节能降耗,对现有热媒系统进行改造,一是将装置高温回油梯级使用到低温系统;二是改造部分热媒系统为串级使用,停开或降低热媒泵电耗。经过以上一系列改造和优化,有效提高了热能使用效率,减少了装置耗电,从而实现了热媒系统的节能降耗。     

一种瓦斯涌出量系统预测辨识模型的研究

针对煤与瓦斯突出灾害中瓦斯涌出量的辨识预测问题,结合采煤工作面瓦斯涌出量系统的现场实际特点,提出了混沌免疫遗传优化算法(CIGOA)与Elman神经网络相结合的耦合算法(CIGOA-ENN)。利用GIGOA的全局寻优能力替代梯度下降法,以克服Elman神经网络固有的缺陷。并根据输入的数据,构造基于CIGOA和ENN耦合算法的瓦斯涌出量系统辨识预测模型。利用矿区采集的现场监测数据进行仿真预测,实验表明该预测模型与BPNN,GA-ENN等神经网络预测模型相比,其收敛速度更快、收敛精度更高、鲁棒性更强,为解决煤矿瓦斯涌出量的预测问题提供了一个行之有效的方法。     

DMC-PID串级控制在精馏集散控制系统中的应用

针对塔底温度存在的大滞后、大惯性时间常数难以控制的特点,论文将DM C算法引入到精馏过程中,以DCS为平台,提出了以DM C算法与PID控制相结合的串级控制系统,并设计了在DCS系统中如何实施的具体方案。最后通过仿真研究表明,这种方案使控制系统具有更快的响应速度和良好的调节性能,提高了系统的动静态性能指标,其总体性能明显优于PID-PID串级控制系统。     

非接触CPU卡在环保排污上的应用

为确保环保排污重要数据交互、存储的安全性以及后台系统与前端总量计量设备数据传输的安全性,本文结合现有的排污许可证制度,提出了将国密SM1加密算法非接触CPU卡作为信息载体在环保排污上的应用模式,并对目前在浙江省环保领域应用的具体案例进行了剖析.     

连续退火炉板温控制策略讨论

结合退火炉内带钢辐射率的变化,通过对几种板温控制方案的研究比较,分析各种控制方案的优缺点,对以后更好实现板温的精确控制起一定指导作用.     

有机朗肯循环在多品位余热发电中的应用

低温余热的充分利用能够有效提高能源的利用效率、降低生产企业的能耗。本文以含硫天然气净化厂生产过程产生的余热为研究对象，对余热资源品位、余热回收潜能进行了分析和评价。通过对不同的余热发电方案进行分析对比，提出了以有机朗肯循环（ORC）为基础的多品位余热发电方案（MG-ORC），并对该发电方案进行了热力学分析。借助正交实验手段和多目标优化方法，对不同循环工质条件下MG-ORC发电方案的性能进行了对比分析，结果表明：工质R-600较其余4种工质表现出更优的综合性能，MG-ORC发电系统热效率为17.7%，净输出功率约2600kW。MG-ORC发电方案能够有效合理利用含硫天然气净化厂产生的余热，实现了能源的按质用能和梯级利用。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液聚集性质的研究

用滴体积法测出十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）稀水溶液的表面张力；然后求出其临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）。同时通过溶液的电导率、吸收光谱以及荧光光谱测定求出其ＣＭＣ。这样测出的ＣＭＣ值为１．２～１．６×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与文献值相符。也研究了部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＨＰＡＭ）对ＳＤＢＳ聚集性质的影响；发现ＳＤＢＳ的ＣＭＣ值随ＰＨＰＡＭ的加人而减少并且ＰＨＰＡＭ水溶液的粘度随ＳＤＢＳ的存在而急剧降低（类似盐效应）。这些方法与性质对强化采油（ＥＯＲ）是重要的。