铝合金凝固过程的声发射及氢气析出过程

采用声发射测试技术,对Al-Si和Al-Cu系合金凝固过程进行监测,证实合金在凝固过程中存在声发射现象,表现为两个声发射信号计数率峰,两个峰的总计数都随着合金中气体含量增加而增高。本文对Al-Si,Al-Cu合金系产生声发射现象的机理进行了探讨,同时,借助其它实验手段证实了声发射信号与合金凝固中气体析出有很好的对应性。第一个计数率峰与气泡在枝晶臂间形核相吻合。第二个计数率峰与凝固末期的枝晶间拉裂现象相对应,可能是氢在枝晶间析出和聚集产生高压氢导致的拉裂。     

多元靶碰撞级联中的粒子能量

用一种推广的幂指数散射截面求解了溅射输运方程，获得更加一般的渐近解，这个渐近解不但以Urbassek等人几年前所给出的两个解为其特殊情况，而且还为作者提出的SC解提供了新的证据，此外通过计算并分析了Vicanek等人发表的新的输运理论，发现他们所提出的转换理论结果与Monte Carlo模拟结果一致是不正确的。     

Stage-efficiency of centrifugal extractor used in nuclear industry

1　INTRODUCTIONComparedwithamixer settlerorpulsedcolumnusedinthenuclearfuelreprocessingextraction pro cesses,ashort residence timecentrifugalextractorcatchesresearcher seyesbecauseofthe goodphaseseparationandasmallhold upvolume .Itshowsthefollowingadvantagesinthenuclearindustry[1] :1)Reducingsolventdegradationduetoradiation ;2 )Reducinginventoryofaqueousandorganicphases ,whichgivesrapidstart upandshut down ;3)Com pactdesignthatcontributestothereductionofplantcost .Manydifferenttypesofcen…     

压力容器无损检测 --长管拖车气瓶的无损检测技术

长管拖车是新类型的压力容器,作为一种高效运输工具,在许多领域应用广泛。综述了国内外拖车气瓶在制造和使用过程采用的各种无损检测方法及标准。方法包括超声、磁粉、渗透和声发射检测等。并介绍了各种无损检测方法的特点。     

水泥基复合材料微结构破坏声发射研究

研究不同组分的水泥基复合材料在三点弯曲负荷下,材料内部微结构破坏的声发射特性。结果表明,在加载初期声发射事件发展较为缓慢,且出现的主要是一些低振幅的声发射信号;而在峰值载荷附近,声发射事件数快速增长且开始有大量高振幅声发射信号出现。循环荷载作用下,粗集料水泥砂浆声发射呈现Felicit效应,而结构密实的活性粉末混凝土呈现Kaiser效应。     

Axial characterization of catalytic activity in close-coupled lightoff and underfloor catalytic converters

A exhaust system consisting of a close-coupled Pd technology 32 in³ lightoff converter and Pt/Rh technology 170 in³ underfloor converter was vehicle-aged for 56000 miles on a vehicle equipped with a 3.8 l engine. Following this aging, the converters were taken off the vehicle and cut into 1″ thick sections along their axis and characterized for lightoff and warmed-up activity using a laboratory reactor to simulate vehicle exhaust. Each section was also analyzed for the quantity of oil additive poisons (phosphorus and zinc) deposited. Following this initial characterization, the phosphorus and zinc deposits were removed, and the sections were characterized again for lightoff and warmed-up activity. This procedure was used to qualitatively determine the relative contribution of oil additive poisoning and thermal sintering to the total activity deterioration as a function of axial position in the catalyst monoliths.

Analysis of the lightoff converter as taken from the vehicle showed a dramatic axial gradient in the lean and stoichiometric lightoff and warmed-up (600°C) performance for HC, CO and NO_x, with most of the deterioration having taken place in the forward-most 1″ section of the converter, which was consistent with the gradient in the deposition of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in this converter. Comparison of these data sets with those obtained after removal of the P and Zn poisons indicates that most of the total deterioration of lean HC and CO activity can be attributed to P and Zn poisoning of the forwardmost 1″ section. When tested under stoichiometric conditions, most of the deterioration of HC activity is attributable to P and Zn poisoning, while most of the deterioration of CO and NO_x activity is attributable to thermal deterioration. A similar activity and poison deposition gradient was detected in the underfloor converter, but to a smaller extent.     

酯化釜塔顶温度控制系统改造

介绍了串级控制在仪化研究院半连续聚酯试验装置酯化釜塔顶温度控制上的应用,解决了酯化釜塔顶温度调节滞后问题,提高了调节过程的品质     

In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM

Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure.     

苗家坝-碧口梯级水库汛期水位动态控制研究

本文将单一水库预泄能力约束法,推广到梯级水库汛期水位动态控制中,并建立了梯级水库汛期水位联合运用和动态控制模型,假定预报信息准确,在不降低下游保护对象的防洪标准的前提下,最大限度发挥梯级水库的兴利效益。以苗家坝、碧口水库为对象进行了实时调度模拟,其结果相比于原设计汛限水位动态控制方案,减少了弃水,且保证最大出库流量均在可控范围内,达到在不降低防洪标准的前提下提高梯级水库兴利效益的目的,大大提高了洪水资源利用率。     

UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅱ)

本文续“UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性研究(Ⅰ)”,进一步研究了UHMWPE/LDPE复合材料拉伸破坏的声发射特性,具体研究了[0°]、[90°]在拉伸破坏过程中声发射参数特征,并对拉伸破坏机理进行了初步的研究。