新冠肺炎疫情对长子县蔬菜稳产保供的影响

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,政府出台了交通管制等一系列措施,对疫情进行严防严控、联防联控、群防群控,取得了阶段性成效。但这些管制措施对长子县蔬菜生产造成了影响,出现了短期不平衡现象。文章通过蔬菜稳产保供工作中对蔬菜产销情况的日常监测,分析了疫情对当地蔬菜产业的影响,对采取的应对措施进行了总结,对今后蔬菜产销恢复提出了建议意见。     

几种特色酱腌菜的腌制技术

为增加特色酱腌菜的品种,介绍了辣油荠菜蕻、糖菜菔、糟大蒜、梅子蒜瓣和南京腌菜的腌制方法.辣油荠菜蕻是将荠菜蕻整理削皮,经沸水烫漂、晒制、腌制和拌料后而成,产品色泽红黄、鲜香微辣、脆嫩爽口.糖菜菔是将白萝卜洗净切制后,经浙米水浸泡、烫漂和糖渍等工序制成,产品色泽金黄、形似桔片、卜香浓郁,鲜甜脆嫩.糟大蒜是将鲜大蒜整理洗涤后,经矾水烫漂、清洗和腌渍等工序制成,产品呈乳白色,体态透亮,质地脆嫩,醇香、蒜香融为一体.梅子蒜瓣是将梅子和蒜瓣洗净后,经入缸浸渍和入瓮浸渍等工序制成,产品有脆爽和生津止渴的特色.南京腌菜是将大白菜晒制后整理清洗,再擦盐入缸腌渍,经装坛封盐后而成,产品色白、脆嫩、爽口.     

植物油多元醇的研究进展

介绍了植物油的组成和植物油多元醇的合成原理,综述了国内外植物油多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯领域中的应用和工业化生产情况.重点介绍了美国堪萨斯聚合物研究中心的植物油多元醇的研究进展,以及USSC,Maskimi,InterMed和陶氏等公司的工业化生产情况及其产品的性能.     

Small-scale production of straight vegetable oil from rapeseed and its use as biofuel in the Spanish territory

Biofuels nowadays are an important topic of study. The most significant point is the availability of bioethanol or biodiesel and their production from different raw materials. It is already known that large-scale production of first-generation biodiesel cannot be seen as an alternative to fossil fuels due to land requirements, competition with food, increase in fertilizer requirements and pressure on tropical forests among others. This fact does not necessarily apply to second-generation biofuels or small-scale niche productions. Straight vegetable oil (SVO) can be used directly in diesel engines with minor modifications. Our proposal is a small-scale SVO production system for self-supply in agricultural machinery. In this paper a model to provide SVO to local farmers in a specific area in Catalonia (Spain) is presented. We also present a discussion about the regulations to be changed in order to make possible the incorporation of SVO as engine fuel in diesel vehicles and a comparative analysis between the emissions of tractors fed with SVO and petrodiesel. Moreover, a quantitative economic analysis of modifying diesel engines and long-term operability costs are shown and a first-run economic analysis comparing the actual crop rotation with the proposed one and some alternatives is studied.     

Effect of cellulase/glucanase/xylanase (Roxazyme G2) enzymes combination on nutrients utilisation of vegetable meal (Amaranthus cruentus) fed as sole dietary protein source in rat assay

Amaranthus cruentus vegetable meal (ACVM) had 23% crude protein. Ca, Na, K, Mg and Fe were abundant at 2.0 g kg^?1, 7.1 g kg^?1, 4.8 g kg^?1, 2.5 g kg^?1, 1109 mg kg^?1, respectively. P‐phosporous, oxalates and tannins were noticeable. Lysine, methionine and cystine were limiting. Weight gain for rats on the reference (casein) diet 2 at 6.30 g ±2.87 was highest (P < 0.05) followed by diet 6 (12% ACVM with enzyme supplementation) at 5.01 g ±2.42. Feed intakes were similar (P > 0.05) for rats on the reference diet and for rats on 10% and 12% with/without enzyme supplementation ranging from 42.90 g ± 4.52 in reference diet to 45.12 g ± 3.64. Nitrogen retention was highest for rats on reference diet but similar (P > 0.05) to rats on 12% enzyme supplemented diet at 0.53 ± 1.12 and 0.53 ± 2.10, respectively. Other investigated protein evaluation parameters revealed similar results among rats kept on reference diet and the rats on ACVM based diets with enzyme supplementations. Enzyme supplementation had a complimentary role in ACVM nutrition in rat trial.     

The Utilization of Lipid Waste for Biosurfactant Production and Its Application in Enhancing Oil Recovery

Abstract

In this article, biosurfactant production from low-cost and renewable substrate and its application in petroleum industry were studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa DG30 grew on used vegetable oil and accumulated 15.56 g/L of biosurfactant at 72 hr. The biosurfactant exhibited excellent surface activity and stability. Sand package tests showed an approximately 20% increase of oil recovery by the treatment of bacterial culture broth. Single-well stimulation tests were conducted in a heavy oil reservoir in Dagang Oilfield, Tianjin, China. The blockages in the wellbore areas were removed effectively and more than 616 tons of crude oil was enhanced.     

Viscosity estimation of triacylglycerols and of some vegetable oils, based on their triacylglycerol composition

The experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade-type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also used to estimate the viscosity of mixed triacylglycerols [1,2-dimyristoyl-3-palmitoyl (MMP), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl (OOP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-oleoyl (MMO), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl (PPO)], binary triacylglycerol mixtures (PPO/OOP, PPP/SSS, and OOO/SSS of different portions), and three types of vegetable oils [refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil; cocoa butter; and canola oil] by applying modified Kay’s rule utilizing the simple triacylglycerol constants derived earlier. In all cases, the estimated values for liquid viscosity were compared with experimental values determined in this work and with previous work from the literature. When applied to vegetable oils, the method requires knowledge of their triacylglycerol composition. Despite its simplicity, the method gives a reasonable estimate. The method may be used to predict the viscosity of different blends of vegetable oils, and the accuracy is expected to increase when more experimental data on simple triacylglycerols become available.     

Degumming of crude soybean oil by ultrafiltration using polymeric membranes

In this study, the ability of two ultrafiltration polymeric membranes to perform the degumming of a crude soybean oil/hexane mixture is tested. The performance of both membranes is defined in terms of their permeation flux, permeate color, and rejection of phospholipids. One of the membranes was synthesized in our laboratories from polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF); the other one is a commercially available membrane made of polyimide. The degumming experiments were done in a stirred dead-end ultrafiltration cell pressurized with N₂. Results show that tested membranes are suitable for removing phospholipids from the crude oil/hexane miscella in the range of temperature and transmembrane pressure utilized in this work. Both membranes have high selectivity regarding phospholipids and produce a moderate reduction in permeate color. The PVDF membrane gives permeate fluxes up to threefold larger than those obtained with polyimide membrane at the same operational conditions, making the former more suitable for use at industrial scale.     

An evaluation of the life cycle cost of rapeseed oil as a straight vegetable oil fuel to replace petroleum diesel in agriculture

The use of straight vegetable oil (SVO) as biofuel has been recognized as a valid substitute of diesel fuel in the agricultural sector under specific circumstances. Its direct use reduces most of the chemical processes involved when converting it into biodiesel, thus lowering harmful emissions. This study presents the economic analysis of a self-supply farming model that uses rapeseed as its fuel base. This model addresses agricultural environmental concerns and can even minimize dependence on the fluctuating costs of diesel fuel. The use of SVO in agriculture can help reduce farmers’ vulnerability to fossil fuel prices. The economic evaluation of the model proposed in this study shows clear economic benefits of introducing rapeseed to the traditional crop rotation of wheat and barley. The key factors analyzed in this model are diesel fuel price, diesel fuel grants and crop aids. The current situation in Spain favors the use of diesel fuel in agriculture rather than rapeseed SVO due to an 8% profit difference. However, results show that changes in key factors slightly affect the profit margin, calculating a difference of only 3.7% for particular factor combinations. Combined environmental-friendly agriculture supporting policies are necessary to cover this slight profit difference to promote this biofuel.     

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing and subsequent storage on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in fruit and vegetable products

Fresh fruits and vegetables have been reported to possess a variety of bioactivities partly due to their high abundance of phenolics. However, traditional thermal pasteurisation during fruit and vegetable processing typically induces a pronounced loss of phenolic compounds. In contrast, nonthermal pasteurisation techniques, especially high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing, are beneficial to the retention of phenolics. In addition to more effectively keeping original freshness, flavour and colour of fruit and vegetable products to the greatest extent, in most cases, HHP processing and subsequent storage more effectively sustain the levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fruit and vegetable products compared with thermal pasteurisation. Therefore, HHP processing has a huge potential to preserve fruit and vegetable products rich in phenolic compounds.