不同稀土含量的铝合金牺牲阳极的显微组织研究

浇铸了4种不同RE含量的Al-Zn-In-Sn-Mg合金牺牲阳极.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析,确定了4种合金的晶粒尺寸、偏析相数量及其成分.结果表明:随着RE含量的增加,铝合金的晶粒变小,偏析相的数量先增加后减少;偏析相主要为晶界析出物和弥散相;RE含量不同时,晶界析出物不同;细化阳极晶粒最佳RE含量0.5%,0.3%RE时阳极偏析相数量最多.     

用选冶联合流程处理铜阳极泥的生产实践

介绍了云南铜业股份公司选冶联合工艺处理铜阳极泥的生产现状及存在的问题,提出了改进和优化措施。     

Cellulose as a binding material in graphitic anodes for Li ion batteries: a performance and degradation study

Four types of cellulose, in particular carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), are tested as potential binding materials in graphitic anodes for lithium ion batteries. It is shown that a minimum content of a cellulose which gives acceptable anode properties (reversible capacity>300 mA h g⁻¹ during the first 10 cycles, irreversible loss<20%) is about 2 wt.%, which is less than in the case of conventional polymeric binders (5-10 wt.%). Kinetics of insertion-deinsertion and passivation processes seem not to be affected by the presence of cellulose. Explanation for the electrode failure at cellulose contents lower than 1 wt.% is given based on X-ray diffraction and microscopy investigations. Finally, the structure (distribution) of cellulose in the composite anode material is discussed and (indirectly) checked with a series of experiments. Most results are compared with the corresponding results obtained either with gelatin or conventional polymeric binders or both.     

稻壳制备锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料

以稻壳为原料,采用镁热还原方法制备孔隙和孔壁主要为纳米尺度的多孔硅材料.作为锂离子电池负极材料,在30 m A/g恒流充放下,多孔硅具有首次充电容量为2 387 m Ah/g,50次充放循环后,充电容量保持率为23.3%.考虑到稻壳的资源丰富、廉价易得和可持续利用特点,镁热还原工艺的低成本性以及稻壳制备的多孔硅具有较好的电化学性能,此法有望制备实用的优质锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料.     

Anodic behavior and microstructure of Al/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning简

In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses, the mechanism of the anodic processes playing on the surface of A1/Pb-0.8%Ag and A1/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anodes prepared by electro-deposition from methyl sulfonic acid bath for zinc electrowinning from model sulphate electrolytes have been measured. On the basis of the cyclic voltammograms obtained, information about the corrosion rate of the composite in PbO2 region has been concluded. The microstructures were also observed by means of SEM and XRD which showed Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co alloy composite coating has uniform and chaotic orientation tetragonal symmetry crystallites of PbSO4, but Pb-0.8%Ag alloy composite coating has well-organized orientation crystallites of PbSO4 concentrated in the certain zones after 24 h of anodic polarization. It is important that Al/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anode oxide film consists of non-conductive dense MnO2 and PbSO4 and a, fl-PbO2 penetrated into which, in fact, are the active centers of the oxygen evolution after 24 h of anodic polarization.     

同步产电及废水处理AFB-MFC电极研究

为了考察电极因素对微生物燃料电池产电及废水处理性能的影响,设计了一种新型厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池(AFB-MFC).研究了不同阴极电极材料,阴极与阳极面积以及阴极底边与阴极室底部距离对AFB-MFC产电及废水处理性能的影响.所有实验在阴极室曝气量为16～24 L/h、回流量为10.7 L/h、进水流量为0.6 L/h、外电阻为250 Ω以及进水COD浓度为3000.98～3789.44 mg/L下进行.结果表明,在尺寸大小均为15.0 cm×3.5cm的碳纸、铜板、铝板、镀锌铁板及铁板中,使用碳纸作阴极电极时AFB-MFC产电性能最好;阴极底边与阴极室底部的最佳距离为17.3～20.3 cm;使用面积为308.8、232.0、160.0和76.8 cm2的碳纸作阳极电极及面积为241.5、210.0、175.0和105.0 cm2碳纸作阴极时,阳极及阴极最佳面积分别为160.0和210.0 cm2.AFB-MFC系统最佳运行条件下COD的去除率维持在约80.00%.放大型AFB-MFC系统有利于今后工程实际应用.     

Influence of zinc on electrochemical discharge activity of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode

Mg-6%Al-5%Pb (mass fraction) anodes with different contents of zinc were prepared by melting and casting. The electrochemical discharge behavior of these anodes in 3.5% NaCl solutions was investigated by galvanostatic test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The microstructures and the corroded surfaces of these anodes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and emission spectrum analysis (ESA). The phase structures and the corrosion products of the anodes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that zinc promotes the grain refinement of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode and makes the average discharge potential of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode more negative during galvanostatic test. Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode with the addition of 1% (mass fraction) zinc has the best electrochemical performance. The activation mechanism of zinc to Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode is as follows: The hydrolyzation of dissolved Zn²⁺ ions reduces the pH value of the solution near the surface of the anode and accelerates the dissolution of Mg(OH)₂ film; The precipitated Zn(OH)₂ with similar structure as Mg(OH)₂ combines with Mg(OH)₂ film easily and makes it break down.     

锂离子电池负极材料 Na2Li2Ti6O14的嵌脱锂过程动力学研究

为了研究钛酸钠锂(Na2Li2Ti6O14)负极材料嵌脱锂的动力学行为,用溶胶-凝胶法合成 Na2Li2Ti6O14负极材料,采用 X 射线衍射法(XRD)和电子显微镜(SEM)分别对材料进行物相分析和微观形貌的观察.采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流间歇滴定法(GITT)研究了 Na2Li2Ti6O14的电化学性能和嵌脱锂过程动力学.研究结果表明,制备的 Na2Li2Ti6O14材料纯度高,结晶度良好,循环稳定性好;由不同扫描速率的循环伏安法测出的 Na2Li2Ti6O14中锂离子在氧化、还原峰对应的化学扩散系数 Da和 Dc分别为7.3×10-11和7.8×10-11cm2/s;由恒电流间歇滴定技术测得的锂离子在 Na2Li2Ti6O14电极中的扩散系数为10-11~10-8cm2/s.     

锂离子电池用高容量合金类硅基负极材料研究进展

锡、硅负极材料由于具有高的比容量等优点,成为提高锂离子电池能量密度的首选负极材料。首先介绍了目前产业界开发锡、硅负极材料的进展,并从商业化的角度比较了这两类材料在开发工艺及实际使用电性能方面的区别。进一步从基础研发角度重点阐述了不同结构的硅基材料(单质硅、硅氧化物、硅碳复合物及硅合金)的电性能改性研究进展,指出了具有工业化前景的工艺方法。     

电化学溶解镁阳极制备纳米MgO粉体

该文以"牺牲"阳极溶解法在0.04mol／L(Bu4N)Br的乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中,电流强度控制在0.2A,电解镁片6h,制得纳米氧化物粉体MgO的前驱体Mg(OEt)2-x(acac)xo控制pH=8.0左右,将含有前驱体的电解液直接水解。水解产物经洗涤、干燥后于500℃煅烧2h,制得纳米MgOg粉体。采用红外(IR)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射技术(TEM)等手段对前驱体和纳米MgO进行了表征。结果表明:制备得到的纳米粉体呈单分散结构,平均粒径在12nm左右。用此种方法比较容易制得所需产物,是一种合成纳米氧化物的很有前途的方法。