网络化控制系统中状态估计策略的进展

在网络化控制系统(Networked Control Systems,简记为NCSs)中,由于网络的介入使控制系统的规模和复杂性显著增加,且产生了各种新问题,为了使控制更加容易,需要设计合理的估计策略.主要从控制和通信2个角度出发,集中考虑了在量化影响、时延与丢包、不确定性等通信受限因素下状态估计策略的研究与进展.一直以来,状态估计都是诸如过程监控、故障诊断等控制领域中不可缺少的重要部分,当前已成为网络化控制系统研究的热点和准点,为抵消网络环境不确定性对闭环系统性能的影响,设计最优的状态估计策略必将成为不可缺少的因素之一.     

Complex radial basis function networks trained by QR‐decomposition recursive least square algorithms applied in behavioral modeling of nonlinear power amplifiers

In this article, we propose a novel complex radial basis function network approach for dynamic behavioral modeling of nonlinear power amplifier with memory in 3 G systems. The proposed approach utilizes the complex QR‐decomposition based recursive least squares (QRD‐RLS) algorithm, which is implemented using the complex Givens rotations, to update the weighting matrix of the complex radial basis function (RBF) network. Comparisons with standard least squares algorithms, in batch and recursive process, the QRD‐RLS algorithm has the characteristics of good numerical robustness and regular structure, and can significantly improve the complex RBF network modeling accuracy. In this approach, only the signal's complex envelope is used for the model training and validation. The model has been validated using ADS simulated and real measured data. Finally, parallel implementation of the resulting method is briefly discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

Experimental and numerical investigation into the joule heating effect for electrokinetically driven microfluidic chips utilizing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy

This paper presents a detection scheme for analyzing the temperature distribution nearby the channel wall in a microfluidic chip utilizing a temperature-dependent fluorescence dye. An advanced optical microscope system—total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) is used for measuring the temperature distribution on the channel wall at the point of electroosmotic flow in an electrokinetically driven microfluidic chip. In order to meet the short working distance of the objective type TIRFM scheme, microscope cover glass slits are used to fabricate the microfluidic chips. The short fluorescence excitation depth from a TIRFM system makes the intensity information obtained using TIRFM is not sensitive to the channel depth variation which ususally biases the measured results while using a conventional Epi-fluorescence microscope (EPI-FM). Therefore, a TIRFM can precisely describe the temperature profile of the distance within 100 nm of the channel wall where consists of the Stern layer and the diffusion layer for an electrokinetic microfluidic system. Results indicate the proposed TIRFM provides higher measurement sensitivity over the EPI-FM. Significant temperature gradient along the channel depth is experimentally observed. In addition, the measured wall temperature distributions can be the boundary conditions for numerical investigation into the joule heating effect. The proposed method gives a precise temperature profile of microfluidic channels and shows the substantial impact on developing a numerical simulation model for precisely predicting the joule heating effect in microfluidic chips.     

计算机时代的设计效果图渲染新说

手工绘图时期非常注重各种绘图工具的学习,计算机的出现使得手工绘图工具对效果图的渲染变的不再重要。要想画好效果图,提高人脑的认识才是关键。本文从实践设计总结的经验出发,提出效果图渲染的学习,从认识上可以分为"全因素表现"和"快速表现";进一步又阐述了每种渲染在设计师的头脑认识上需要把握哪好些处理内容。     

APF-guided adaptive immune network algorithm for robot path planning

Inspired by the mechanism of Jerne’s idiotypic network hypothesis, a new adaptive immune network algorithm (AINA) is presented through the stimulation and suppression between the antigen and antibody by taking the environment and robot behavior as antigen and antibody respectively. A guiding weight is defined based on the artificial potential field (APF) method, and the guiding weight is combined with antibody vitality to construct a new antibody selection operator, which improves the searching efficiency. In addition, an updating operator of antibody vi-tality is provided based on the Baldwin effect, which results in a positive feedback mechanism of search and accelerates the convergence of the immune network. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is characterized by high searching speed, good convergence performance and strong planning ability, which solves the path planning well in complicated environments.     

Combining the Hanning windowed interpolated FFT in both directions

The interpolated fast Fourier transform (IFFT) has been proposed as a way to eliminate the picket fence effect (PFE) of the fast Fourier transform. The modulus based IFFT, cited in most relevant references, makes use of only the 1st and 2nd highest spectral lines. An approach using three principal spectral lines is proposed. This new approach combines both directions of the complex spectrum based IFFT with the Hanning window. The optimal weight to minimize the estimation variance is established on the first order Taylor series expansion of noise interference. A numerical simulation is carried out, and the results are compared with the Cramer-Rao bound. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach has a lower estimation variance than the two-spectral-line approach. The improvement depends on the extent of sampling deviating from the coherent condition, and the best is decreasing variance by 2/7. However, it is also shown that the estimation variance of the windowed IFFT with the Hanning is significantly higher than that of without windowing.     

压缩应力下（Tb,Dy）Fe2磁致伸缩的研究

本文利用自制的磁致伸缩测量仪和“ｊｕｍｐ”效应测量仪研究了在一定压强了多晶（Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ）Ｆｅ２棒的磁致伸缩,发现加压时,在一定工艺条件下制作的（Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ）Ｆｅ２棒会有磁致伸缩的变化。卸载后经过热处理,磁致伸缩值在不加压时也会维持一个高值。     

RADIOIMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ENRICHED URANIUM ON CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS AND THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF IL－1 AND IL－2

ＲＡＤＩＯＩＭＭＵＮＯＴＯＸＩＣＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＥＮＲＩＣＨＥＤＵＲＡＮＩＵＭＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＬＡＮＤＰＥＲＩＰＨＥＲＡＬＩＭＭＵＮＥＣＥＬＬＳＡＮＤＴＨＥＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＩＬ－１ＡＮＤＩＬ－２￥ＺｈｕＳｈｏｕｐｅ...     

Proximity-Induced Fully Ferromagnetic Order with Eightfold Magnetic Anisotropy in Heavy Transition Metal Oxide CaRuO3

Ferromagnetic materials with a strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their exotic properties and potential applications in energy-efficient spintronics. However, such materials are scarce in nature. Here, a proximity-induced paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition for the heavy transition metal oxide CaRuO₃ in (001)-(LaMnO₃/CaRuO₃) superlattices is reported. Anomalous Hall effect is observed in the temperature range up to 180 K. Maximal anomalous Hall conductivity and anomalous Hall angle are as large as ∼15 Ω⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and ∼0.93%, respectively, by one to two orders of magnitude larger than those of the typical 3d ferromagnetic oxides such as La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃. Density functional theory calculations indicate the existence of avoid band crossings in the electronic band structure of the ferromagnetic CRO layer, which enhances Berry curvature thus strong anomalous Hall effects. Further evidences from polarized neutron reflectometry show that the CaRuO₃ layers are in a fully ferromagnetic state (∼0.8 μ_B/Ru), in sharp contrast to the proximity-induced canted antiferromagnetic state in 5d oxides SrIrO₃ and CaIrO₃ (∼0.1 μ_B/Ir). More than that, the magnetic anisotropy of the (001)-(LaMnO₃/CaRuO₃) superlattices is eightfold symmetric, showing potential applications in the technology of multistate data storage.     

考虑负效应的垃圾回收两级选址-路径模型与算法

针对生活垃圾中转站和焚烧站的选址-路径问题（LRP）,考虑经济目标和垃圾设施的负面影响,设计了与风向和距离有关的负效应分段函数,构建了两级多目标选址-路径（2E-MOLRP）模型,并提出了鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）和模拟退火（SA）算法结合的非支配算法WOA-SA。首先,结合随机方法与Clarke和Wright(CW)节约算法优化初始种群;其次,采用非线性动态惯性权重系数调整收敛速度;然后,设计WOA-SA的并行结构来增强全局搜索能力;最后,使用非支配排序法得到帕累托解集。对Prins和Barreto等35个基准案例以及天津市模拟案例进行分析。结果表明,WOA-SA可以找到20个基准案例的已知最优解（BKS）,且对Prins和Barreto案例的求解结果与BSK差距的平均值分别为0.37%和0.08%,具有很好的收敛性和稳定性。将所提模型和算法应用于实例,给决策者提供了三种不同方案的负效应值及经济成本的方案,以支持不同偏好决策者选择,从而减少垃圾回收物流成本和设施对环境的负面影响。