Partial or total silylation of dextran with hexamethyldisilazane

The silylation reaction of dextran with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in DMSO was studied as the first step of the synthesis of new amphiphilic polyester-grafted dextrans. According to the experimental conditions, i.e. dextran molar weight, medium temperature and reaction time, HMDS/OH ratio, addition of a catalyst and co-solvent, partially or totally silylated dextrans were recovered. The highest silylation yields were obtained with the lowest molecular weight dextrans. The increase in temperature medium and/or reaction time, the presence of catalyst or co-solvent favored the protection yield. Whatever the dextran used, complete silylation of the polysaccharide chain could be achieved by adequate selection of the experimental conditions. The thermal properties of resulting silylated polysaccharides were investigated by temperature modulated DSC. It was observed that T_g values of partially silylated dextran were maintained between 120 and 140 °C, independently of the dextran molecular weight. Interestingly, DMSO proved to behave as an efficient plasticizer of (partially) silylated dextrans. The partially silylated dextrans were efficiently used as multifunctional macroinitiators for the controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactone. The ROP was then promoted from the remaining hydroxyl groups in the presence of tin or aluminium activator. After polymerization and ultimate deprotection of the silylated dextran backbone, amphiphilic polyester-grafted dextrans were readily recovered.     

催化重整装置的几点设计改进

以一套500kt/a规模的催化重整装置的设计为例进行分析和讨论，提出对今后催化重整装置设计的几点改进建议，包括原料的加氢预处理流程，提纯重整产氢，优化预分馏塔及稳定塔的塔盘层数，选择合适的预加氢进料换热器及甲苯塔、二甲苯塔的加压操作等。     

球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率

球墨铸铁因其优良性能而被广泛用作模具材料。对球墨铸铁冲压模具的激光表面处理已成为改善其耐磨性、提高使用寿命的重要方法。一定激光参量下吸收率的大小又直接影响到表面处理的质量。因此,确定球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率十分必要。通过热电偶测温,计算机数据采集系统进行定点温度采集,并结合数值模拟方法,对吸收率进行了标定,即首先根据预置的吸收率计算,预测被测点处的温度响应,并与实测响应比较,不断修正吸收率值,使预测温度响应和实验值吻合,由此获得吸收率。采用这种方法获得了球墨铸铁材料在大气条件下对激光的吸收率为23.3%。为激光处理球墨铸铁材料时工艺参量的选择和优化提供了一定参考。     

高浓度钢渣粉尘环境发动机空气过滤系统的改进与维护

针对液压挖掘机在高浓度钢渣粉尘作业环境下,钢渣粉尘对发动机的损害,分析了发动机空气滤清器的作用,阐述了传统空气过滤系统存在的问题,提出了改进的方案与维护措施.     

溶胶－凝胶二氧化硅驻极体薄膜的物理化学改性

实验研究了由溶胶－凝胶法制备二氧化硅驻极体薄膜的工艺。用红外透射谱、扫描电子显微镜以及驻极体等温表面电位测量和热刺激放电等实验考察了热处理和化学表面修正两个关键工艺对溶胶－凝胶二氧化硅样品驻极体性能的影响。结果表明经过高温条件下一定时间的热处理和化学表面修正，可以制备出性能优良的驻极体薄膜     

《中华人民共和国煤炭法》亟待修订

当前,由于《煤炭法》颁布的时代背景发生很大变化,该法已经不能适应形势发展和实际工作的需要。该法存在的主要问题包括煤炭开采市场准入门槛设置过低、对煤炭生产开发规划规定过分原则等。我们应以科学发展观为指导,按照市场经济规律的要求,针对存在的问题尽快对《煤炭法》进行修订和完善。     

EVALUATION OF BARLEY AND MALT QUALITY USING NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE TECHNIQUES

A scanning near-infrared reflectance spectrophotometer was calibrated for the prediction of barley aleurone colour and malt moisture. The malt moisture was predicted on malt ground for the determination of malt extract (coarse grind) making the method suitable for moisture correction in malt extract estimation. Calibrations for the prediction of malt extract and endosperm modification from barley and malt were also attempted. A correlation (r= 0.851 n = 135) was found between malt hot water extract and the percentage of the endosperm estimated as being modified by microscopy following staining with Calcofluor. Probably because of this influence of modification on malt extract, the use of near-infrared reflectance to predict malt extract was most successful at predicting the malt extract values obtained following micro-malting in the absence of the additives, gibberellic acid and potassium bromate.     

稀土和磷复合变质对过共晶铝——硅合金硅晶体形貌与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、材料性能检测等实验手段对复合变质处理后的过共晶铝硅合金显微组织、形貌和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明：磷和稀土复合变质后，使粗大块状、条状的初晶硅的尺寸明显缩小且棱角钝化；较大针状的共晶硅变为颗粒状，使显微组织明显细化，从而导致过共晶铝硅合金的力学性能显著提高。     

低温等离子体对天然胶原材料表面改性的研究

采用牛腱中提取的胶原蛋白为原料，制成薄膜试样，在Ｏ２和Ａｒ条件下，用低温等离子体处理天然胶原薄膜的表面．处理后的试样通过电子光谱（ＥＳＣＡ），红外光谱（ＩＲ），Ｘ射线衍射和接触角测量来研究其结构和性能的变化．实验表明：处理后胶原材料的表面、内部结构及化学成分都发生了明显的变化；它与水和二碘甲烷的接触角明显小于等离子处理前的可见低温等离子体方法能用于胶原材料的改性．     

锻钢退火炉消烟除尘技术改造

介绍了锡钢集团公司锻压分厂车底式热处理退火炉消烟除尘综合治理改造情况。包括烧嘴重新选型、配置，增设空气预热器及重油加热系统，并将下排烟改为地上排烟。改造的主要目的是消烟除尘，提高产品退火质量，提高炉子装备水平及节省燃油消耗。改造后运行结果基本达到了预定目标。