德士古水煤浆气化的运行及改造

对德士古煤浆的制备和贮运、气化、闪蒸系统的长周期运行方面进行了改造,改造后系统的运行质量得到了改善和提高。     

新型环氧防腐涂料的研究

采用在环氧树脂中加入纳米复合铁钛粉防锈颜料WD—D-325、固化剂、制备了新型环氧树脂防腐涂料。由于纳米技术的特性，该防腐涂料具有较高的防腐性、优异的附着力和柔韧性。实验确定了复合铁钛粉防锈颜料在环氧防腐涂料中的添加量。作为新型的环保颜料，复合铁钛粉防锈颜料可以替代红丹、锌铬黄等颜料。     

全生物降解PBS的扩链改性研究

采用新型扩链剂2,2′-双(2-噁唑啉)(BOZ)对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行扩链,研究了BOZ加入量、稳定剂加入量、时间、温度对扩链反应的影响。结果表明,选择最佳条件,扩链后的PBS的相对分子质量较未扩链PBS的相对分子质量大为增加,而且扩链PBS相对分子质量分布与未扩链PBS基本一致,说明PBS扩链后的线性度与起始PBS相同,没有支化或交联反应发生。     

Chemical modification of hemp,sisal, jute,and kapok fibers by alkalization

Plant fibers are rich in cellulose and they are a cheap, easily renewable source of fibers with the potential for polymer reinforcement. The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for reinforcement of polymeric materials. Hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers were subjected to alkalization by using sodium hydroxide. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, reactivity, and surface morphology of untreated and chemically modified fibers have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Following alkalization the DSC showed a rapid degradation of the cellulose between 0.8 and 8% NaOH, beyond which degradation was found to be marginal. There was a marginal drop in the crystallinity index of hemp fiber while sisal, jute, and kapok fibers showed a slight increase in crystallinity at caustic soda concentration of 0.8–30%. FTIR showed that kapok fiber was found to be the most reactive followed by jute, sisal, and then hemp fiber. SEM showed a relatively smooth surface for all the untreated fibers; however, after alkalization, all the fibers showed uneven surfaces. These results show that alkalization modifies plant fibers promoting the development of fiber–resin adhesion, which then will result in increased interfacial energy and, hence, improvement in the mechanical and thermal stability of the composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2222–2234, 2002     

Impregnation of silk sericin into polyester fibers using supercritical carbon dioxide

Silk sericin was impregnated into polyester fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) to overcome polyester hydrophobicity. The effects of sericin molecular weight, pH of sericin, solution and cosolvent types on sericin impregnation were investigated. Enzyme‐hydrolyzed, acid‐, based‐hydrolyzed sericin in SCCO₂, and a 30 kDa sericin in SCCO₂ modified with cosolvents such as water, methanol, 1‐propanol, and acetone; and a modifier: sodium hydroxide solution were used in this work. Impregnation of sericin in polyester was indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) and dyeing with acid dye. Degradation of polyester fibers during SCCO₂ process was indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methylene blue dyeing was used to realize carboxyl group in polyester. The results showed no impregnation of sericin into polyester by using SCCO₂ modified with cosolvents. However, sericin was impregnated into modified surface polyester since hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were regenerated by alkaline hydrolysis. Samples impregnated with hydrolyzed sericin showed high color strength of Supranolechtbordeaux B acid dye. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

机械力化学湿法一步制备表面修饰磷酸锌微粉

以氧化锌和磷酸为原料,以硅烷偶联剂为改性剂,采用机械力化学湿法制备微细磷酸锌并进行表面改性.用XRD、润湿角、活化指数、沉降时间等手段对产物进行表征,用FT-IR对改性粉末的结构进行分析,初步探讨了偶联剂与磷酸锌的作用机理.结果表明产物为二水和四水磷酸锌混合物;在红外区域2 800～3 000 cm-1和1 400 cm-1有偶联剂的特征吸收峰,说明偶联剂与磷酸锌之间发生了化学反应;当硅烷偶联剂添加质量分数由0增加到2%,改性产品的活化指数由0增加到98.71%,对水的润湿角由0°增加到93.21°,沉降时间由0.5 h增加到176 h,在涂料中的分散性和贮存稳定性得到改进.     

Enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of prochiral ketones over modified nickel

This article reviews the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of prochiral ketones over a asymmetrically modified catalyst, focusing on the hydrogenation of simple prochiral alkanones. The parameters affecting catalytic activity and enantiodifferentiating ability are considerable in number, and each parameter should be optimized in order to attain a highperformance enantio-differentiating catalyst. Optimization of the parameters and the mode of enantio-differentiation are discussed and compared with the enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of β-ketoesters.     

红花黄色素提取工艺的研究

对红花黄色素提取条件进行了系统研究.以羟基红花黄色素A为对照品,选定水为最佳提取剂,实验确定红花黄色素的适宜提取条件为:浸取温度70 ℃,料液比为1∶100,浸取30 min,提取两次.     

Effects of preparation conditions on the surface modification and performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The impact that some membrane preparation steps had on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane characteristics and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) was employed as base polymer, while N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a nonsolvent pore‐forming additive. The manufacturing variables studied were solvent evaporation time and membrane surface modification, using a fluorine‐based copolymer referred to as surface‐modifying macromolecule (SMM). The flat sheet membranes, prepared via phase inversion, were characterized using solute transport data, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Membrane performance was evaluated via filtration test protocol that included a 6‐day filtration of concentrated river water. The flux reduction with time was modeled using single and dual mechanisms of fouling. The pore blockage/cake filtration model described better the behavior of the permeation rate along the experiments. Increasing the solvent evaporation time decreased the size of the pores and the permeation rate. However, it did not significantly affect the removal of the organic compounds naturally present in the river water used as feed. XPS and contact angle measurements proved that the short evaporation periods did not allow enough SMM migration to the surface to provoke a significant effect on the membrane performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006