碳纳米管及其批量制备研究进展

从碳纳米管的优异性能和应用出发,综述了碳纳米管的制备方法以及我国目前在碳纳米管研究中面临的问题;分析了碳纳米管产业化对的我国纳米技术产业化发展的积极意义,特别介绍了清华-南风纳米粉体产业化工程中心开发的、具有我国自主知识产权的纳米聚团流态化技术。     

小抽取倍数的FIR高效实现

对采样信号进行抽取是软件无线电中的一个重要环节,小抽取率时通常使用有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波器.当FIR滤波器的阶数较高时,将会对信号处理的速度产生较大的影响.针对级联-积分-梳状(CIC)滤波器系数少且全为"1"的特点,提出了在小抽取率时采用单级CIC滤波器和FIR滤波器级联的方式来减少FIR滤波器的阶数,从理论上给出了FIR滤波器减少的阶数和CIC滤波器的阶数之间的关系.在此基础上,借助多相滤波结构还可进一步降低FIR滤波器阶数.计算机模拟验证了方法的有效性.     

通信电源用电缆及其通信行业标准

本文重点解读通信电源用交联聚烯烃绝缘电缆通信行业标准的主要内容,介绍了交联聚烯烃绝缘的技术特点.评述了聚氯乙烯（PVC）绝缘电缆在环保和安全方面存在的不足.通过比较说明了交联聚烯烃绝缘电缆相对于PVC绝缘电缆和非交联的无卤低烟阻燃聚烯烃绝缘电缆所具有的优势.本文还介绍了低压电缆制造技术,特别是交联工艺路线、电缆料添加剂及电缆料配混技术进展等方面的内容,对未来通信电源用电缆的发展以及标准修改内容提出了建议.     

异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺高温热处理高效制备聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑

针对高性能纤维聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑（PBO）现有制备方法单体合成困难、聚合工艺复杂及纺丝难度大等问题,采用高温热处理方法制备PBO. 合成4,6-二异丙氧基-1,3-二氨基苯作为单体,将其与对苯二甲酰氯缩聚制得PBO前驱体-异丙氧基官能化聚芳酰胺;该前驱体通过静电纺丝制成纳米纤维薄膜,并在350 ℃与氩气气氛等条件下,通过热处理成功实现了前驱体主链的分子内环化、制得目标PBO,制备出的PBO具有高达562 ℃的热降解温度。该方法摆脱了对传统易氧化4,6-二氨基-间苯二酚单体的依赖,显著降低了聚合和成型难度,丰富了PBO的制备方法学。     

GAP基自修复粘结剂的制备及性能

为了延长粘结剂的储存寿命,采用一步法将具有可自修复性能的双硫官能团引入叠氮粘结剂中,首次合成了具有自修复性能的聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)基自修复粘结剂。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和光学显微镜对其结构和表面形貌进行表征,在此基础上,通过自修复前后拉伸强度的变化,考察了不同自修复温度和不同自修复时间下的自修复效率。结果显示:合成的GAP基自修复粘结剂具有聚氨酯结构,60℃下24 h后表面裂纹基本愈合完全。提高自修复温度和延长自修复时间,均有助于提高体系的自修复效率。同时随着交联剂质量分数的增加,自修复效率先提高后降低,其中交联剂质量分数为8%的配方,自修复效率可达98.2%,相对于自修复效率为61.7%的对比样,表明双硫官能团的引入能够提高体系的自修复效率。     

A Simple and Effective Modification of PCBM for Use as an Electron Acceptor in Efficient Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

[6,6]‐phenyl‐C‐61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are the most widely used acceptor and donor materials, respectively, in polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the low LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy level of PCBM limits the open circuit voltage (V_oc) of the PSCs based on P3HT. Herein a simple, low‐cost and effective approach of modifying PCBM and improving its absorption is reported which can be extended to all fullerene derivatives with an ester structure. In particular, PCBM is hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid and then converted to the corresponding carbonyl chloride. The latter is condensed with 4‐nitro‐4’‐hydroxy‐α‐cyanostilbene to afford the modified fullerene F . It is more soluble than PCBM in common organic solvents due to the increase of the organic moiety. Both solutions and thin films of F show stronger absorption than PCBM in the range of 250–900 nm. The electrochemical properties and electronic energy levels of F and PCBM are measured by cyclic voltammetry. The LUMO energy level of F is 0.25 eV higher than that of PCBM. The PSCs based on P3HT with F as an acceptor shows a higher V_oc of 0.86 V and a short circuit current (J_sc) of 8.5 mA cm^?2, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.23%, while the PSC based on P3HT:PCBM shows a PCE of about 2.93% under the same conditions. The results indicate that the modified PCBM, i.e., F , is an excellent acceptor for PSC based on bulk heterojunction active layers. A maximum overall PCE of 5.25% is achieved with the PSC based on the P3HT: F blend deposited from a mixture of solvents (chloroform/acetone) and subsequent thermal annealing at 120 °C.     

Study on Characteristics of Various RF Transmission Line Structures on PES Substrate for Application to Flexible MMIC

In this work, the coplanar waveguide is fabricated on a PES (poly[ether sulfone]) substrate for application to a flexible monolithic microwave integrated circuit, and its RF characteristics were thoroughly investigated. The quality factor of the coplanar waveguide on PES is 40.3 at a resonance frequency of 46.7 GHz. A fishbone‐type transmission line (FTTL) structure is also fabricated on the PES substrate, and its RF characteristics are investigated. The wavelength of the FTTL on PES is 5.11 mm at 20 GHz, which is 55% of the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. Using the FTTL, an impedance transformer is fabricated on PES. The size of the impedance transformer is 0.318 mm × 0.318 mm, which is 69.2% of the size of the transformer fabricated by the conventional coplanar waveguide on PES. The impedance transformer showed return loss values better than –12.9 dB from 5 GHz to 50 GHz and an insertion loss better than –1.13 dB in the same frequency range.     

Ambient‐Stable,Annealing‐Free,and Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Solution‐Processable Poly(2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl‐alt‐2,5‐divinylthiophene) without Long Alkyl Side Chains

An ambipolar conjugated polymer CF₃‐PBTV, poly(2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl‐alt‐2,5‐divinylthiophene), consisting of thienylenevinylene as the donor and trifluoromethyl‐substituted biphenyl as the acceptor has been successfully synthesized. CF₃‐PBTV shows solution‐processability without electrically insulating long alkyl side chains. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction results suggest a nearly equal population of flat‐on and end‐on domains in CF₃‐PBTV thin film. The excellent ambipolarity of CF₃‐PBTV is demonstrated by well‐equivalent charge mobilities of 0.065 and 0.078 cm² V^?1 s^?1 for p‐ and n‐channel, respectively. The organic field‐effect transistors (OFET) also shows very high on/off ratio (≈10⁷) which is attributed to the relatively large bandgap and low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of CF₃‐PBTV. The OFET performance barely changes after the device is stored in ambient conditions for 90 days. The ambient‐stability is attributed to the enhanced oxidative stability from its low‐lying HOMO and the better moisture resistance from its fluorine contents. The performance of CF₃‐PBTV based OFET is annealing independent. It is noteworthy that the solution‐processable, ambipolar, and thienylenevinylene‐containing conjugated polymer without any long alkyl side chains is reported for the first time. And to the best of our knowledge, it is the first ambient‐stable, annealing‐free OFET with well‐equivalent ambipolarity.     

The Interplay of Modulus,Strength, and Ductility in Adhesive Design Using Biomimetic Polymer Chemistry

High‐performance adhesives require mechanical properties tuned to demands of the surroundings. A mismatch in stiffness between substrate and adhesive leads to stress concentrations and fracture when the bonding is subjected to mechanical load. Balancing material strength versus ductility, as well as considering the relationship between adhesive modulus and substrate modulus, creates stronger joints. However, a detailed understanding of how these properties interplay is lacking. Here, a biomimetic terpolymer is altered systematically to identify regions of optimal bonding. Mechanical properties of these terpolymers are tailored by controlling the amount of a methyl methacrylate stiff monomer versus a similar monomer containing flexible poly(ethylene glycol) chains. Dopamine methacrylamide, the cross‐linking monomer, is a catechol moiety analogous to 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, a key component in the adhesive proteins of marine mussels. Bulk adhesion of this family of terpolymers is tested on metal and plastic substrates. Incorporating higher amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) into the terpolymer introduces flexibility and ductility. By taking a systematic approach to polymer design, the region in which material strength and ductility are balanced in relation to the substrate modulus is found, thereby yielding the most robust joints.