一种采用斩波稳零技术的16位,96kHz带宽Σ-Δ AD转换器

介绍了一个16位精度Σ-Δ型模拟数字转换器.它由一个模拟的调制器和一个数字降采样滤波器组成.调制器采用了传统的单环两阶的结构,在第一阶调制器中采用了斩波稳零技术来消除电路的闪烁噪声.数字的降采样器包括多相梳状滤波器和波数字滤波器,功耗低,面积小.实验结果表明转换器获得了92dB的动态范围和96kHz的带宽.整个芯片由0.18μm六层金属CMOS工艺制造,芯片面积为2.68mm2,功率消耗仅为15.5mW.     

Mesoporous Silicon‐PLGA Composite Microspheres for the Double Controlled Release of Biomolecules for Orthopedic Tissue Engineering

In this study, poly(dl ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/porous silicon (PLGA/pSi) composite microspheres, synthesized by a solid‐in‐oil‐in‐water (S/O/W) emulsion method, are developed for the long‐term controlled delivery of biomolecules for orthopedic tissue engineering applications. Confocal and fluorescent microscopy, together with material analysis, show that each composite microsphere contained multiple pSi particles embedded within the PLGA matrix. The release profiles of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC‐BSA), loaded inside the pSi within the PLGA matrix, indicate that both PLGA and pSi contribute to the control of the release rate of the payload. Protein stability studies show that PLGA/pSi composite can protect BSA from degradation during the long term release. We find that during the degradation of the composite material, the presence of the pSi particles neutralizes the acidic pH due to the PLGA degradation by‐products, thus minimizing the risk of inducing inflammatory responses in the exposed cells while stimulating the mineralization in osteogenic growth media. Confocal studies show that the cellular uptake of the composite microspheres is avoided, while the fluorescent payload is detectable intracellularly after 7 days of co‐incubation. In conclusion, the PLGA/pSi composite microspheres offer an additional level of controlled release and could be ideal candidates as drug delivery vehicles for orthopedic tissue engineering applications.     

Rationally Engineered Electrodes for a High‐Performance Solid‐State Cable‐Type Supercapacitor

Wire‐shaped electrodes for solid‐state cable‐type supercapacitors (SSCTS) with high device capacitance and ultrahigh rate capability are prepared by depositing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) onto self‐doped TiO₂ nanotubes (D‐TiO₂) aligned on Ti wire via a well‐controlled electrochemical process. The large surface area, short ion diffusion path, and high electrical conductivity of these rationally engineered electrodes all contribute to the energy storage performance of SSCTS. The cyclic voltammetric studies show the good energy storage ability of the SSCTS even at an ultrahigh scan rate of 1000 V s^?1, which reveals the excellent instantaneous power characteristics of the device. The capacitance of 1.1 V SSCTS obtained from the charge–discharge measurements is 208.36 µF cm^?1 at a discharge current of 100 µA cm^?1 and 152.36 µF cm^?1 at a discharge current of 2000 µA cm^?1, respectively, indicating the ultrahigh rate capability. Furthermore, the SSCTS shows superior cyclic stability during long‐term (20 000 cycles) cycling, and also maintains excellent performance when it is subjected to bending and succeeding straightening process.     

Thermoreversible Siloxane Networks: Soft Biomaterials with Widely Tunable Viscoelasticity

Polysiloxane elastomers represent a widely utilized soft material with excellent rubber‐like elasticity, biocompatibility, and biodurability; however, there is a lack of an effective and straightforward approach to manipulate the material's viscoelastic response. A facile hydrosilylation reaction is employed to integrate ureidopyrimidinone hydrogen‐bonding side‐groups into linear and crosslinked siloxane polymers to achieve biocompatible soft materials with a highly tunable viscoelastic relaxation timescale. Stacking of H‐bonded moieties is avoided in the designed macromolecular architectures with tight, side‐groups substituents. The obtained siloxane network features the presence of both covalent crosslinks and truly thermoreversible crosslinks, and can be formulated across a broad material design space including elastic solids, recoverable viscoelastic solids, and viscous liquids. The elastomers exhibit unique temperature‐dependent shape‐memory capability and show good cytocompatibility. Importantly, a deformed material's shape‐recovery occurs regardless of external triggering, and through manipulation of network formulations, the shape‐recovery timescale can be easily tuned from seconds to days, opening new possibilities for biomedical, healthcare, and soft material applications.     

Efficient,Selective, and Reversible SO2 Capture with Highly Crosslinked Ionic Microgels via a Selective Swelling Mechanism

SO₂ capture through physisorption is a promising environmental benign technology to eliminate the emission of SO₂. However, designing an efficient adsorption material with high capacity and selectivity of SO₂ as well as excellent reversibility remains challenging. Here, a class of highly crosslinked nonporous poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) xerogels is prepared with high ionic density by photopolymerization of Gemini IL monomers and a microfluidic technology is further explored to prepare the corresponding monodisperse PIL microgels with uniform and controllable sizes at the diameter range from 43 to 250 µm. This kind of novel dense nonporous ionic xerogels/microgels completely exclude the adsorption of common gases (CO₂, CH₄, etc.), but exhibit very high SO₂ adsorption capacity (498 mg g^?1) via selective swelling mechanism. Unprecedented SO₂/CO₂ and SO₂/CH₄ uptake selectivities with the value up to 614 and 1992, respectively, are achieved. The selective swelling mechanism is validated by optical microscope and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. More importantly, these kinds of xerogels show excellent reversibility in adsorption–desorption cycles. Column breakthrough experiments confirm the excellent performance of these PIL xerogels in SO₂ capture. This work demonstrates that designing a nonporous material that has specific swelling interactions with certain molecules can be an effective strategy for realizing extremely high selectivity.     

玻璃纤维增强TPVA/PBST复合材料的制备及性能

研究了短玻璃纤维(SGF)增强热塑性聚乙烯醇(TPVA)/聚丁二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBST)复合材料的改性机理、复合材料的热学及力学性能,并对复合材料中玻璃纤维(GF)的尺寸及分布进行了分析.实验结果表明,马来酸酐接枝乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA-g-MAH)与硅烷偶联剂能够有效增容TPVA/PBST复合材料,引...     

Magnetic Memory Effect of Nanocomposites

The magnetic memory effect (MME) is the ability of magneto‐sensitive materials to remember the magnetic field strength (H_def), at which they were deformed recently. They respond close to H_def either by recovering their initial shape at a switching magnetic field strength H_sw under stress‐free conditions or by building up stress with a peak maximum at H_σ,max under constant strain conditions. This paper explores whether such a MME can be created for polymer‐based nanocomposites. The concept is based on temperature‐memory polymers (TMP) as matrix, in which silica coated iron(III)oxide nanoparticles (mNP) are dispersed. The MME was explored in a cyclic magneto‐mechanical test, in which the nanocomposite sample was elongated to ?_m while being exposed to an alternating magnetic field at H_def. The magnetic memory was read out by determining H_σ,max or H_sw. A linear correlation between H_σ,max (or H_sw) and H_def in a range from 15 to 23 kA m^?1 at a fixed frequency of f = 258 kHz is observed and demonstrates the excellent magnetic memory properties of the investigated nanocomposites containing either crystallizable or amorphous, vitrifiable domains as controlling units. The deformation ?m at H_def can be fixed with an accuracy of more than 72% and the initial shape can be recovered almost completely by more than 86%. The MME allows the design of magnetically programmable devices such as switches or mechanical manipulators.     

ε-CL-20不同晶面与PVA、PEG复合物的MD模拟

为探讨和比较在ε-CL-20(六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷)(001)、(110)和(020)晶面上的ε-CL-20/PVA(聚乙烯醇)与ε-CL-20/PEG(聚乙二醇)复合物的稳定性和力学性能,在COMPASS力场下,对ε-CL-20/PVA与ε-CL-20/PEG进行了常温常压分子动力学(MD)模拟研究。求得其内聚能密度(CED),结合能(E_(bind))和弹性参数(拉伸模量E、剪切模量G、体积模量K、泊松比ν和柯西压C_(12)-C_(44))。结果表明,在相同晶面上,ε-CL-20/PEG的CED比ε-CL-20/PVA的大,表明前者稳定性优于后者。对于同一复合物,其CED排序为(020)(001)(110)。在相同晶面上,PEG与晶面的E_(bind)比PVA的大。对同一复合物,其E_(bind)大小次序为(001)(110)(020)。依据泊松比和K/G值,ε-CL-20/PEG的弹性和延展性均优于ε-CL-20/PVA。     

环己烷、甲基环己烷和乙基环己烷脱氢反应的热力学计算

采用Benson基团贡献法计算了苯、甲苯和乙苯的标准摩尔生成焓和绝对熵;并计算了不同反应温度和压力条件下,环己烷、甲基环己烷和乙基环己烷脱氢反应的标准摩尔反应焓变、标准摩尔吉布斯自由能变和平衡常数。结果表明:环己烷、甲基环己烷和乙基环己烷脱氢反应均为吸热反应;3个脱氢反应的标准摩尔反应焓变、标准摩尔吉布斯自由能变和平衡常数,随反应压力和温度变化趋势相近;在300～1 000 K和0.5～30.0 MPa的条件下,升高反应温度有利于脱氢反应进行,升高反应压力不利于脱氢反应进行。     

650nm波长低功耗聚合物可变光衰减器的研制

为了有效改善基于无机材料的可变光衰减器(VO A)功耗大以及成本高的问题,设计并研制了一种基于有 机聚合物材料的低功耗马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型VOA器件。为保证器件的单模传输,优 化了波导的结构和横截面 尺寸,同时对加热电极的热场分布进行了模拟分析。最后,采用紫外光刻和湿法刻蚀等半导 体工艺,制备出功耗较低、响应速 度较快的VOA器件。在650nm工作波长下,测得器件的衰减为14.6dB,驱动功率仅为12.3mW,器件的上升时间为 240μs, 下降时间为200μs。实验结果表明,采用聚合物材料,并通过对器 件的结构参数进行优化,可研制出工作在可见光波段的低功耗VOA器件。