渣油加氢催化剂孔结构对反应活性的影响

在3L中型加氢试验装置上考察了渣油加氢脱硫催化剂孔结构对反应活性的影响，试验结果表明，当孔结构发生变化时，催化剂的脱硫、脱氮、脱残炭及脱金属反应活性呈现不同的变化规律。     

多壁纳米碳管的超声短切处理

采用超声方法对多壁纳米碳管进行短切处理，比较系统地考察了超声时间对纳米碳管的长度、孔结构和形貌的影响。结果表明，超声粉碎可以有效地短切多壁纳米碳管，随超声时间的延长，纳米碳管的长度显著减小。在超声处理120min后，纳米碳管被短切到平均长度为400nm。超声短切后的纳米碳管比表面积和孔容均显著增加。进一步延长超声时间，其比表面积和孔容反而下降。     

Diffusion of lignin macromolecules within the fibre walls of kraft pulp. Part I: Determination of the diffusion coefficient under alkaline conditions

The intrinsic rate of diffusion of soluble lignin from fibre walls to bulk liquor has never been determined previously because of experimental difficulties; for example, the diffusion rate determined in a stirred cell is affected by the mechanical action of stirring. In our work, the intrinsic rate of diffusion of lignin macromolecules from the fibre walls of a softwood kraft pulp was determined under alkaline conditions using a displacement cell which eliminated external heat and mass transfer resistances and pulp fibre disturbances. The effects of such experimental conditions as pulp bed height and liquid flow rate were studied. The diffusion rate can be described by a diffusion model for a hollow cylinder with a very wide range of diffusion coefficients. The diffusion rate increased with increasing pH. Our results provide a new understanding of the lignin diffusion process in fibre walls, which is affected by the size of lignin molecules and the pores, and by the electrostatic interactions between intrafibre pore walls and lignin.     

大、中孔发达活性炭的研制

。以大同精选煤为原料 ,并在制造过程中加入适量化学溶液 ,采用斯列普炉炭化、活化 ,可制得大、中孔发达、吸附性能改善的活性炭。     

磷铝酸盐水泥浆体的抗冻性研究

抗冻性是砼耐久性的重要方面,尤其影响北方地区砼工程的使用寿命。引气能提高砼的抗冻性,但同时又存在气泡的稳定性问题和砼其他性能的受损问题。若能提高砼中水泥浆体的抗冻性,则对提高砼耐久性更有意义。作者从宏观和微观两方面研究了磷铝酸盐水泥浆体的抗冻性,同时与硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥浆体进行了比较;采用压汞测孔方法测试了三种水泥浆体冻融前后的孔结构,并用分形理论分析了各自特征。结果证实:磷铝酸盐水泥具有优越的抗冻融性能,其自身优良的水化特性以及体系的低碱度是良好抗冻性的内在原因。     

不同助烧结剂及造孔剂对SiC多孔陶瓷的影响

采用真空烧结方法制备了SiC多孔陶瓷，研究了不同助烧结剂Al2O3-Y2O3、Si以及不同造孔剂丙烯酰胺聚合物、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）对SiC多孔陶瓷形貌和气孔率的影响。结果表明：与Si相比较，Al2O3-Y2O3更有利于促进SiC的烧结；以Al2O3-Y2O3为助烧结剂的试样比以Si为助烧结剂的试样具有较高的气孔率。     

Thermoporometry as a new tool in analyzing mesoporous MCM-41 materials

Thermoporometry, a calorimetric procedure, is applied for measuring the pore size distribution, pore volume and surface area of mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves using water as the adsorbate. A series of MCM-41 materials with various pore diameters was synthesized and subjected to the new method. The results are compared with nitrogen physisorption. Both methods are complementary, whereby the former provides also information about the pore shape. MCM-41 materials with pores wider than 50 Å also allow the use of benzene as the adsorbate in thermoporometry.     

孔隙水压力与恒定时间对砂岩变形的实验研究

探讨三峡库水位在145-175 m之间涨落及蓄水时水压对岩（石）体的变形特性影响。以实验为基础,进行了不同轴向应力（1σ=55.54,34.18和12.82 MPa）条件下,周期孔隙水压力（Pmin=2 MPa,Pmax=6 MPa）与上、下限恒定时间（ΔT=120和240 s）作用下砂岩的变形特性实验。通过分析1ε-T与p-T关系曲线和p-1ε滞回曲线,可知：1ε-T砂岩曲线呈连续正弦波形演化,当孔隙水压力加载时,应变减小;上限恒定时,应变持续减小到谷值;卸载时,应变逐渐增大;下限恒定时,应变持续增大到峰值。砂岩p-1ε滞回曲线的2个阶段变化,一是微孔隙压密阶段,未形成明显的滞回曲线;二是孔隙水压力耦合阶段,形成了稳定的滞回曲线,表现形式由疏变密,并且稳定的滞回曲线呈逆时针演化。还对比了不同轴向应力和不同恒定时间条件下,每个p-1ε滞回曲线的四区段（加载段、卸载段、上限恒定段和下限恒定段）的Δε-n关系曲线。     

多孔形状记忆合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层的沉积

燃烧合成法制备的多孔Ti50Ni48Fe2形状记忆合金具有三维连通的孔隙结构,其平均孔隙尺寸约为350μm。采用化学法即酸液和碱液处理后在模拟体液中浸泡一定时间可在多孔形状记忆合金表面沉积出羟基磷灰石涂层.