原位STM研究钢筋在模拟混凝土孔溶液中腐蚀和缓蚀动态行为

应用STM原位观察在不同氯离子浓度和pH值以及加入缓蚀剂前后的模拟混凝土孔溶液中的钢筋表面微观形貌．在pH=12．40的混凝土模拟孔溶液中，钢筋表面趋向均一，钝化膜的薄弱部分得到强化；在含3．5％NaCl，pH=10．40的混凝土模拟孔溶液中由于局部腐蚀的发生，可观察到不规则的沉积物的形成、生长；LD-2型复合缓蚀剂能消除腐蚀活性，促使表面微观缺陷消亡，增加钝化膜的耐蚀能力．研究结果说明，STM可在纳米尺度上观察表面形貌变化，可成为原位研究钢筋在模拟混凝土孔溶液中腐蚀和缓蚀的动态行为的重要手段．     

双层药皮对不锈钢焊条气孔的影响

采用平板堆焊，高速摄影，波形分析，光学金相，扫描电镜能谱分析等测试方法，研究了双层药皮对钛钙型不锈钢焊条气孔的影响。试验结果表明，焊接冶金因素对气孔倾向有重要是熔渣的碱度也有明显的影响；熔渣的组织形貌与气孔敏感性存在一定对应关系；双层药皮焊条熔滴实现了渣壁过渡形态，具有控制焊缝增硅，改善氢的逸出条件作用，可以有效防止气孔产生。     

黄土滑坡地震液化数值模拟分析——以宁夏石碑塬滑坡为例

以宁夏石碑塬滑坡为研究对象,在工程地质测绘和试验测试的基础上建立了有限差分数值模型,对该黄土坡液化过程进行了模拟。分析结果表明：该黄土边坡在天然工况下处于稳定状态;在地震作用下,非饱和黄土几乎没有液化现象,而在地下水位附近的饱和黄土易发生液化,导致其物理力学参数降低,即使在很缓的角度下也易产生边坡失稳;地震结束之后,由于液化导致孔压比减小,黄土渗透性较之前更低,边坡的孔隙水压力消散缓慢,滑带强度恢复也缓慢,易产生长距离滑动。      

带缺陷膨润土防水毯的渗透试验

分别以自来水和0.05 mol/L的CaCl2溶液作为渗滤溶液研究带缺陷膨润土防水毯(GCL)的渗透性能。试验结果表明:自来水渗滤时,GCL的渗透系数随着缺陷直径的增大而增大,缺陷直径达11 mm时缺陷不能完全愈合,致使渗透系数超过1×10-9m/s。CaCl2溶液渗滤时,随着离子交换作用的进行,渗透系数随孔隙体积流量的增大有增大的趋势;缺陷直径小于5 mm时GCL具有一定的自愈能力,但增至7mm时缺陷不能愈合,溶液和缺陷的共同作用使得GCL的防渗性能很差。     

小电流接地系统的新判据在检测工程应用分析

针对当前在小电流接地系统中,尤其是经消弧线圈接地的系统中,所装设的接地检测(选线)装置正确动作率不高的问题,根据系统的特点,对小电流接地系统的选线设备原理、采样误差等方面问题进行剖析,提出了减小综合测量误差,提高选线准确性、可靠性的措施。     

Analyses of (AD)-sorption for the estimation of pore-network dimensions and structure

The interpretation of pore dimensions based on physical ad-desorption analyses is central to the characterization of pore network structure. Several approaches have been proposed and are commonly employed in the analysis of physical adsorption and/or desorption to deduce the dimensions of the porous network. These approaches assume either theoretical (e.g., BET, the Halsey equation as interpreted by Pierce et al., or the more recent analyses of microporosity) or standard isotherms as model(s) for the sequential calculations required in estimating the pore network dimensions. Subsequent representation of the pore dimensions and the relationship between these distributions in dimension and other experimental parameters (such as catalytic activity, adsorptivity or transport); thus, depend explicitly on the model employed in the analyses. Each instrument currently available for the measurement of porous solid structure by sorption employs the same specific models for the relationship between the volume ad-desorbed and the dimensions of the porous network that is being characterized.This paper analyzes the interpretation of porous dimensions based on the sequential calculations required in the analyses. A new approach is proposed which is based on a modification to current practices reflecting Halsey's original theory for the thickness of the adsorbed layer (as a function of P/P ₀). Further, the calculations of the incremental changes in the exposed surface area are discussed as they relate to pore network structure. A method is proposed to infer the differences in pore shape. Sorption data are analyzed by these new approaches, and these analyses will be compared with those approaches currently employed. Analyses based on these modified approaches provide a dramatically more consistent interpretation of the sorption data and the corresponding pore network structures.     

Aperture-Adjustable and Repairable Metal-Based MOFs Catalysis Membrane for Water Purification

Precise adjustment of the pore size, damage repair, and efficient cleaning is all challenges for the wider application of inorganic membranes. This study reports a simple strategy of combining dry-wet spinning and electrosynthesis to fabricate stainless-steel metal–organic framework composite membranes characterized by customizable pore sizes, targeted reparability, and high catalytic activity for membrane cleaning. The membrane pore size can be precisely customized in the range of 14–212 nm at nanoscale, and damaged membranes can be repaired by targeted treatment in 120 s. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to quickly clean the membrane and achieve 98% flux recovery. The synergistic actions of the membrane matrix and the selective layer increase the adsorption energy of active sites to oxidant, shorten the electron transfer cycle, and enhance the overall catalytic performance. This study can provide a new direction for the development of advanced membranes for water purification and high-efficiency membrane cleaning methods.     

白鹤滩大坝混凝土干燥养护强度与微观结构北大核心CSCD

白鹤滩大坝的建设使用了低热水泥混凝土,为了解它在干燥养护下的特性,本研究探讨了低热水泥混凝土干燥养护下的抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度发展规律,并通过扫描电镜和压汞法分析微观形貌与孔结构。结果表明:相比标准养护,在干燥养护下低热水泥混凝土28 d抗压强度损失33.3%,劈裂抗拉强度损失31.6%,且水化产物较少、混凝土孔隙率和孔体积会明显增大、孔隙总面积减小,孔径分布以100~1000 nm的大孔为主。本研究表明干燥养护不利于低热水泥混凝土微观结构与强度发展,可为大坝混凝土的养护与强度提供依据。     

Experimental and numerical investigations on compressive properties of porous twisted wire materials

Wire diameter, sintering parameter, and porosity have great influences on porous structures and compressive properties of the stainless steel porous twisted wire materials with 30–92% porosities. Finer wires, higher sintering temperature, and longer sintering time will lead to narrower pore-size distributions, more compact porous structures, and stronger compressive yield strength. A random pore model and a twisted wire framework model are put forward to simulate the compressive process. The compressive deformation mechanism is a continuous densification process. The simulated and experimental stress-strain curves all exhibit elastic stage, plastic yield platform stage, and final densification stage.