Determination of the solubility parameter of poly(ethylene oxide) at 25°C by gas-liquid chromatography

The solubility parameter of poly(ethylene oxide) at 25°C has been determined using the method developed by DiPaola-Baranyi and Guillet, by the extrapolation of the values of the interaction parameter χ, at high temperatures, ranging from 70°–90°, 90°–110° and 110°–130°C down to 25°C. The values of the solubility parameter obtained, depending on the temperature ranges employed, are 9.8, 9.9 and 10.1, respectively.     

Pervaporation performance analysis and prediction—using a hybrid solution-diffusion and pore-flow model

A hybrid mathematic model for pervaporation is proposed which incorporates the concepts of solution-diffusion model and pore model. The model allows performance prediction as well as the establishment of the internal concentration and pressure profiles within the membrane. The model parameters specific to the particular membrane and mixture system are determined using liquid sorption and pervaporation experimental data. The model is experimentally examined using ethanol–water mixtures and poly(dimethyl siloxane)–poly(vinyldiene fluoride) (PDMS–PVDF) composite membranes. The characteristics of flux and separation factor predicted using the model are in fair agreement with the experimental data under various feed concentrations and downstream pressures for different membrane arrangements, including single-layer, reverse single-layer and double-layer PDMS–PVDF composite membranes. Internal profiles of pressure, concentration and component mole fraction can be established using the model. Concentration polarization phenomena for ethanol and water are located at membrane interfaces and vapor–liquid interfaces, respectively. Performances of several different membrane designs are compared using the model.     

低温溶液直接缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维

采用低温溶液缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维 ,且通过均匀设计来安排合成试验 ,采用数据组合法和单纯型寻优法建立了各影响因素与芳纶浆粕纤维特性粘数之间的回归模型 ,优化了合成工艺 ,为进一步研究制备浆粕状芳纶浆粕工艺奠定了基础     

基于改进自由体积和无规因子贡献的聚合物热力学模型

给出了一个基于改进的自由体积和无规因子的聚合物溶液热力学模型，其无规因子项(NRF)用来描述聚合物溶液中聚合物与溶剂的局部交互作用对剩余Gibbs自由能的贡献，改进的自由体积项(Entropic-FV)用来描述聚合物溶液的混合效应对剩余Gibbs自由能的贡献。文中对45组二元聚合物与溶剂体系进行了关联计算，并与Zafarani-Moattar模型，Flory-Huggins模型和UNIFAC-FV模型的计算结果进行了比较，其平均绝对误差分别为1．910％，2．465％，3．738％和10．149％。     

麝香体系结晶分离研究

研究了根据酮麝香、1,3-二甲基-2,4-二硝基-5-叔丁基苯晶体生长速度的不同,从对二者均达到饱和的溶液中分离得到1,3-二甲基-2,4-二硝基-5-叔丁基苯晶体的过程,计算了晶体生长速度并进行了实验验证。     

分光光度法测定锌铁合金镀层及镀液中的铁

采用分光光度法，以磺基水杨酸为显色剂、双氧水为氧化剂，锌铁合金镀层用稀盐酸溶解，控制pH值为1.5～3，在等吸收点处测定吸光度，并根据比耳定律计算镀层及镀液中的铁含量。     

改性聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的疏水缔合性质

合成了一种疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物，使用荧光光谱法并结合紫外及流变性实验，对制备的疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺共聚物在水溶液中形成疏水微区、超分子聚集体及空间网络结构进行了研究，并用扫描电子显微镜证实了溶液中网络结构的存在．     

Influence of the composition of the binder and the carbonation on the zeta potential values of hardened cementitious materials

Electroosmotic experiments have been carried out on eight different mixes of hardened cementitious matrixes including concrete, mortar and pastes, different types of binders, carbonated and non-carbonated specimens and different test conditions. From these trials, the zeta potential values have been determined and the optimum experimental parameters and devices have been established. In addition, the influence of the composition of the binder on the zeta potential has been quantified indicating that higher amounts of Al₂O₃ in the binder lead to higher positive values of zeta potential, while the SiO₂ acts just on the opposite side. This has been explained in terms of the different i.e.p. (isoelectric point) for both oxides. Concerning the influence of carbonation, it increases the absolute value of the zeta potential toward more negative values; this behaviour has been attributed to the influence of the specifically adsorbed Ca²⁺ in the negative sites of the surface in the non-carbonated samples.     

Effect of solution properties on nanofibrous structure of electrospun poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)

Electrospinning of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) in chloroform or 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) was investigated, focusing on its solution parameters, to develop nonwoven biodegradable nanofibrous structures for tissue engineering. PLGA nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning of 15 wt % PLGA solution and the resulting average fiber diameters were varied with the range of 270–760 nm, depending on solution property. When small amounts of benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) was added to the PLGA/chloroform solution, the average diameter was decreased from 760 to 450 nm and the fibers were densely amounted in a straight shape. In addition, the average fiber diameter (270 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from polar HFIP solvent was much smaller than that (760 nm) of nanofibers electrospun from nonpolar chloroform solvent. Therefore, it could be concluded that conductivity or dielectric constant of the PLGA solution was a major parameter affecting the morphology and diameter of the electrospun PLGA fibers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1214–1221, 2006     

Posture variation among office workers when using different information and communication technologies at work and away from work

Office workers perform tasks using different information and communication technologies (ICT) involving various postures. Adequate variation in postures and muscle activity is generally believed to protect against musculoskeletal complaints, but insufficient information exists regarding the effect on postural variation of using different ICT. Thus, this study among office workers aimed to determine and compare postures and postural variation associated with using distinct types of ICT. Upper arm, head and trunk postures of 24 office workers were measured with the Physiometer® over a whole day in their natural work and away-from-work environments. Postural variation was quantified using two indices: APDF_(90-10) and EVA_(sd). Various ICT had different postural means and variation. Paper-based tasks had more non-neutral, yet also more variable postures. Electronics-based tasks had more neutral postures, with less postural variability. Tasks simultaneously using paper- and electronics-based ICT had least neutral and least variable postures. Tasks without ICT usually had the most posture variability. Interspersing tasks involving different ICT could increase overall exposure variation among office workers and may thus contribute to musculoskeletal risk reduction.