The significance of the Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (Espoo Convention) in international environmental law: examining the implications of the Danube Delta case

The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, providing for a concrete framework of procedural regulation on environmentally harmful activities, has several features and is one of the most progressive multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). This convention may offset some of the limits of substantial regulation and strengthen procedural regulation in various respects where an activity, to which the convention applies, is also regulated by other MEAs. The Danube Delta case concerning the Bystroe Canal project of Ukraine may be one such precedent. This convention takes several distinctive functions, derived from the features, in the complex interaction of the management processes under five MEAs and the UNESCO MAB Programme, as well as by the European Commission. This gives us some hints of an answer regarding some questions on overlap between different MEAs.     

控规修编中公共资源公正配置研究

对城市用地分类标准中涉及到的公共资源进行了分析,提出要保证公共资源的公正配置,在控规的修编中应遵循可达性、总量不变、便捷性、多样性、均等化、集聚化等六个原则,以满足城市发展要求。     

On the malleability of ideology: Motivated construals of color blindness.

The authors propose that the content of certain sociopolitical ideologies can be shaped by individuals in ways that satisfy their social motivations. This notion was tested in the context of color-blind ideology. Color blindness, when construed as a principle of distributive justice, is an egalitarian stance concerned with reducing discrepancies between groups' outcomes; as a principle of procedural justice, however, color blindness can function as a legitimizing ideology that entrenches existing inequalities. In Study 1, White people high in antiegalitarian sentiment were found to shift their construal of color blindness from a distributive to a procedural principle when exposed to intergroup threat. In Studies 2, 3A, and 3B, the authors used manipulations and a measure of threat to show that antiegalitarian White people endorse color blindness to legitimize the racial status quo. In Study 3B, participants' endorsement of color-blind ideology was mediated by increases in their preference for equal treatment (i.e., procedural justice) as a response to threat. In the Discussion section, the authors examine implications of the present perspective for understanding the manner in which individuals compete over the meaning of crucial ideologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Polluting facilities and environmental justice – a study

The environmental justice movement attempts to examine the disproportionate exposure of environmental pollution on minority and low‐income people, understand the patterns of such disproportionate exposures and develop strategies to reduce and eliminate such exposures. Unlike several environmental justice studies that include all fifty states of the United States, this study examines the locations of manufacturing facilities that pollute in states with predominantly high African‐American populations. Our analysis indicates that polluting facilities tend to choose counties with higher proportion of nonwhite populations. Per capita incomes of people living within 5‐miles of the facilities are lower than per capita incomes of people living in the host counties Contrary to the conventional wisdom, population density per square mile both within 1 mile and 5 miles of the facility are much higher than the state population densities.     

Entitlement and justice

Abstract

Drawing on interviews with people living and working in ‘disadvantaged’ Australian suburbs, this article focuses on how disadvantaged people must prove ‘entitlement’, most often through a stylised performance of ‘undeserved’ suffering which in turn reinforces a definition of need based upon character. These stylised narratives of suffering, and the stories of heroism which complement them, emerge from a local ‘war of words’. The article argues that these stories are a complex and difficult resource for urban analysts and that other, more submerged, narratives must also be incorporated in any account of poverty and injustice.     

Conceptions of justice in the planning of the new urban landscape – Recent changes in the comprehensive planning discourse in Malmö, Sweden

The Swedish Planning and Building Act (PBL) from 1987, revised in 2011, stipulates that an important task of comprehensive planning is to secure both substantive and procedural justice. However, because of the municipal planning monopoly, the individual municipalities are free to decide how these goals can best be achieved. This article focuses on the ways interpretations of justice have changed over a 10-year period in one selected municipality, Malmö in southern Sweden. Analyses of the comprehensive planning discourse in this municipality reveal that when it comes to substantive justice, discussions of structural inequality and segregation have gradually been replaced by discussions of social cohesion, while at the same time discussions of procedural justice and the need to create public spheres in which underprivileged groups are allowed a voice, have been replaced by discussions of open public spaces, allowing different groups to see each other. Though the issue of social justice seems to be downplayed in the urban planning discourse for the time being, counterforces within city administration are questioning the prevailing line of development.     

罗尔斯公平观视角下的美国城市更新策略研究——以亚特兰大环线再开发为例

近年来,美国一些以城市更新为导向的大型景观项目因其巨大的规模和尺度、多元的利益相关方以及所产生的积极社会效应而受到广泛关注,如纽约高线公园、亚特兰大环线。这些景观项目除关注空间设计品质外,相较传统更新实践更加重视利益分配、社会参与以及景观服务可达性等社会公平议题。基于罗尔斯公平理论的视角,系统分析了以亚特兰大环线项目为代表的美国城市更新策略,重点探讨了程序正义、重叠共识、结果正义的实现方法和形式,以期对中国当下的城市更新提供参考与借鉴。     

论大学生正义感的培育

当前,在社会、家庭、学校以及自身多方面因素的作用下,部分大学生的正义感呈缺失状态,这与时代的要求背道而驰.大学生作为未来社会的中坚力量,他们的正义感如何直接关系到民族的凝聚力和国家秩序.正视大学生正义感缺失的现实,分析大学生正义感缺失的原因,进而探索大学生正义感培育的途径,成为高校一个刻不容缓的课题.     

公众参与城市规划的伦理意蕴

城市规划是人类的一项有意识有目的的活动。它不仅是技术的或工具的,也是伦理的或规范的。作为政府公共政策的一部分,城市规划合法性的社会基础只能来自于公众对城市规划的参与与支持。目前,我国城市规划存在的合法性危机本质上是公共利益缺失的危机和公正原则难于实现的危机。化解这种合法性危机的根本出路在于重建合法性的社会基础——公众对城市规划的参与。     

从美国《国家科学教育标准》看化学教学改革的发展

美国《国家科学教育标准》自发布以来一直是美国科学教育改革的推动力,并在一定程度上预示了整个科学课程改革的发展趋势。综观标准中科学课程教学的改革与发展,我们认为未来化学改革的发展趋势可以概括为“探究、公正、协作”,尤以探究为核心,并分别从这三个方面进行了详细阐述。