Organizational Injustice and Psychological Strain.

Characterizing perceived injustice as a form of stress, we examined the main and interactive relationships among interactional, procedural, and distributive injustice and psychological strain while controlling for job insecurity. Using moderated multiple regression analysis with a sample of 1,083 government employees, we show that interactional, procedural, and distributive injustice are all unique predictors of psychological strain that account for significant unique variance beyond that explained by job insecurity. Those individuals who perceive more interactional, procedural, or distributive injustice at work reported a higher degree of strain. However, there were no significant interactive effects, suggesting that these three categories of perceived injustice do not interact to predict symptoms of psychological strain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

景观公正的研究进展与多维评价方法 探究

随着社会发展,城镇化进入转型时期,关于城市发展中社会公正的讨论越来越多,从景观视角来保障社会公正是风景园林师当下的责任。景观公正是指对于绿地资源的合理分配、使用、管理和运营,不论使用者的社会地位高低,让他们平等地享有景观权利与担负景观义务,其核心是景观层面上的平等正义。梳理了国内外景观公正的发展与研究进展,厘清景观公正的定义与内涵,总结景观公正的分配公正、过程公正和互动公正3个维度的应用场景与评价方法,对未来景观公正的建设内容提出了展望和建议。     

＂哲匠＂与＂塞米丝＂的结合——浅谈城市规划职业制度困境以及对律师制度借鉴的可能性

城市规划学科职业实践中的困境越来越受到社会的关注,而社会对其的看法也莫衷一是。而这个困境需要在什么方面寻求突破？本文立足于城市规划职业实践的困境以及职业制度的不足：工作内容缺失、权威性缺失、公平性、正义职责履行不足以及公众参与落实难,对比分析了城市规划职业制度与律师职业制度以及国外相关探索,建议规划职业制度的完善可以借...     

Relationships Between Organizational Justice and Burnout at the Work-Unit Level.

Relationships between organizational justice and well-being are traditionally investigated at the individual level. This article extends previous efforts by testing such relationships at the work-unit level. Three corridors of influence were examined. First, the level (work units' average scores) of justice is related to the level of burnout. Second, justice climate strength (level of agreement among work-unit members) moderates the predictability of the level of burnout. Third, justice strength is related to burnout strength. The authors interviewed 324 contact employees from 108 work units in 59 service organizations. Findings showed the predominance of interactional justice over distributive and procedural justice in all 3 corridors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 92(1) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2006-23339-006). The first sentence in the first paragraph on page 660 is incorrect. The corrected sentence should read as follows: "The patterns of all three interactions support our theoretical explanation that (a) a victim of lower status than the offender pursues revenge as the only means of achieving justice when procedural justice climate is low and (b) victims with high absolute status refrain from revenge by attempting forgiveness and reconciliation when procedural justice climate is high because the organization can be counted on to mete out justice."] A field study and an experimental study examined relationships among organizational variables and various responses of victims to perceived wrongdoing. Both studies showed that procedural justice climate moderates the effect of organizational variables on the victim's revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, or avoidance behaviors. In Study 1, a field study, absolute hierarchical status enhanced forgiveness and reconciliation, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were high; relative hierarchical status increased revenge, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were low. In Study 2, a laboratory experiment, victims were less likely to endorse vengeance or avoidance depending on the type of wrongdoing, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were high. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论“两规”冲突的体制根源——兼论地方政府“圈地”的内在逻辑

"两规"都是对空间资源及其隐喻利益的一次再分配过程,"两规"协调本质是利益协调,技术理性不是"两规"协调的根本出路。城镇建设用地规模上的冲突是"两规"间矛盾的焦点,如果不能有效遏制地方政府圈地行为,"两规"矛盾不会被真正化解。地方政府圈地是折射上下级政府关系、政府和农民关系的一面镜子,其中,经济增长和财政收入为地方政府圈地提供内在激励,而土地制度内在缺陷和自上而下监控失效是地方政府圈地的两大外在诱因。遏制地方政府圈地,化解"两规"矛盾的根本在于体制机制创新。目前,"两规"协调亟需在上下级政府间、政府与农民间构建通达程序正义的利益博弈机制。     

基于街景地图数据的北京市东城区 街道绿色空间正义评估研究

绿色空间正义是城市空间正义的典型代表，意为在人群中公平分配维护绿色空间的责任和享有绿色空间的权益。根据其定义，以北京市东城区为例，从责任和权益2个角度着眼，一方面基于百度街景地图数据提炼街道空间绿视率的空间分布特点，表征街道绿色空间的客观可感知水平；另一方面将街道绿视率和实时人口热力叠加，探讨街道绿色空间的实际被感知程度，从而完成对北京市东城区街道绿色空间维护和享有情况的评估。发现邻近使用者维护街道绿色空间的责任对绿化客观可感知水平的重要性，以及合理的道路断面设计对同时提升街道空间活力和绿视率即绿化实际被感知程度的有效性。由此总结出2点街道绿色空间规划设计建议，即明晰权责边界并保证公共权益优先级，以及加强落地性设计导则中对绿色空间正义问题的关注，并对未来研究提出展望。     

Is water security just? Concepts,tools and missing links

ABSTRACT

Both social and environmental justice overlap with water (in)security, but neither fully captures the nuances. This review extends a water justice framework by critiquing and further developing an existing environmental justice framework. Testing a reformulated understanding of water security through a case study reveals added insights derived from inclusion of scale and power dynamics.     

Interactive Iconized Grammar-Based Pailou Modelling

Pailous are representative Chinese architectural works used for commemoration. However, their geometric structure and semantic construction rules are too complex for quick and intuitive modelling using traditional modelling tools. We propose an intuitive modelling system for the stylized creation of pailous for novices. Our system encapsulates structural components as icons and semantic layouts as topological graphs, using which users create and manipulate icons with topological recommendations. The interpreter automatically and immediately transforms a graph to its corresponding model using built-in components with the proposed parametric L-system grammars derived from architectural rules. Using this system to re-create existing representative pailous and design imaginary ones yields results with the desired visual complexities. In comparison to Maya, a 3D modelling tool, when modelling a pailou and toukung, our system is effective and simple, and eliminates the need to remember and understand complex rules.     

A Bi‐Directional Procedural Model for Architectural Design

It is a challenge for shape grammars to incorporate spatial hierarchy and interior connectivity of buildings in early design stages. To resolve this difficulty, we developed a bi‐directional procedural model: the forward process constructs the derivation tree with production rules, while the backward process realizes the tree with shapes in a stepwise manner (from leaves to the root). Each inverse‐derivation step involves essential geometric‐topological reasoning. With this bi‐directional framework, design constraints and objectives are encoded in the grammar‐shape translation. We conducted two applications. The first employs geometric primitives as terminals and the other uses previous designs as terminals. Both approaches lead to consistent interior connectivity and a rich spatial hierarchy. The results imply that bespoke geometric‐topological processing helps shape grammar to create plausible, novel compositions. Our model is more productive than hand‐coded shape grammars, while it is less computation‐intensive than evolutionary treatment of shape grammars.