聚丙烯催化剂的研发进展

综述了用于丙烯聚合的Ziegler-Natta催化剂在给电子体技术及催化剂制备工艺等方面,茂金属催化剂在制备丙烯均聚物、丙烯共聚物及特殊聚丙烯等方面,非茂单活性中心催化剂在丙烯活性聚合、丙烯与极性单体共聚及水介质聚合等方面的研发进展;讨论了聚丙烯催化剂的前景。     

Value management and common accounting performance measures for corporations

Management is aware that the value of firms is the ultimate measure of company performance. However, management has been using common accounting measures as an operating guide because the linkage between operational planning and value is vague and complex and, therefore, difficult to apply. Managers need to have clear targets and performance measures to track progress. This paper examines if a set of common accounting performance measures are linked tightly to the overall value of the firm. An abductive learning network (ALN) approach, an artificial intelligence technique, is used in this research because an ALN approach is non-parametric and can capture a subtle dynamic relationship between input and output variables, which is not obvious in linear statistical analysis. Empirical results show that an ALN model is very effective in synthesizing the value of the firm using six common accounting variables. The results also provide four strategic variables that can be used for devising strategic and operating plans to maximize the value of firms.     

提高网络教学效果的方法浅析

中国的网络远程教育目前也正处于蓬勃发展的阶段,各种远教机构如雨后春笋般涌现。但在远教课程向网络转型的过渡时期,难免会有各种不尽如人意的地方。设计不够贴近学生、缺乏师生互动和技术运用的片面与僵化等是很多网络课程常有的通病。如何在课程设计上进行改进,使网络课程更具人性化,真正实现以学生为中心,是中国网络教育更上一层楼的关键问题之一。     

结构滑模控制的一种指数趋近律方法

提出了一种指数趋近律 ,当正常运动段远离切换面时 ,能快速地趋向切换面 ;当运动接近切换面时 ,趋近速度又大大降低。这样与常用指数趋近律相比 ,过渡时间、系统的抖动以及所需控制力都能进一步减小。最后将这一理论应用到三层剪切型框架进行数值模拟 ,振动控制效果明显。     

Virtual teamwork in very large undergraduate classes

Collaborative work is an important part of tertiary education but it is very difficult to arrange and supervise for extremely large classes of students in their first year. The possibility that computer-mediated communication can be used to facilitate this type of learning is appealing from a pragmatic organisational point of view. This paper explains in detail what a ‘virtual team’ is in the educational context. It reports on an interpretive field study where students taking an introductory course were allowed to choose where and when they did the required collaborative work. The paper discusses the factors that should be taken into account when offering students the option of working as a virtual team. These include factors that influence the students’ choice. The project cannot be considered to have been successful but indicates reasons for the lack of success and suggests contexts in which it would be valuable to repeat the project. The importance of extensive preparation in terms of teaching the students necessary social and technological skills cannot be over emphasised.     

Robustness analysis of responses of vibration control structures with uncertain parameters using interval algorithm

Variations in system parameters due to uncertainties may result in system performance deterioration. Uncertainties in modeling of structures are often considered to ensure that control system is robust with respect to response errors. Hence, the uncertain concept plays an important role in vibration control of the engineering structures. The paper discusses the robustness of responses of vibration control systems with the uncertain parameters. The vibration control problem of an uncertain system is approximated by a deterministic one. The uncertain parameters are described by interval variables. The uncertain state matrix is constructed directly using system physical parameters and avoided to use bounds in Euclidean norm. The feedback gain matrix is determined based on the deterministic systems, and then it is applied to the actual uncertain systems. A method to calculate the upper and lower bounds of responses of the closed-loop system with uncertain parameters is presented. The upper bounds of responses can be used to estimate the robustness of responses of the controlled system with uncertain parameters. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the present approach.     

A hierarchical model for structure learning based on the physiological characteristics of neurons

Almost all applications of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) depend mainly on their memory ability. The characteristics of typical ANN models are fixed connections, with evolved weights, globalized representations, and globalized optimizations, all based on a mathematical approach. This makes those models to be deficient in robustness, efficiency of learning, capacity, anti-jamming between training sets, and correlativity of samples, etc. In this paper, we attempt to address these problems by adopting the characteristics of biological neurons in morphology and signal processing. A hierarchical neural network was designed and realized to implement structure learning and representations based on connected structures. The basic characteristics of this model are localized and random connections, field limitations of neuron fan-in and fan-out, dynamic behavior of neurons, and samples represented through different sub-circuits of neurons specialized into different response patterns. At the end of this paper, some important aspects of error correction, capacity, learning efficiency, and soundness of structural representation are analyzed theoretically. This paper has demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of structure learning and representation. This model can serve as a fundamental element of cognitive systems such as perception and associative memory.     

Tracing success: graphical methods for analysing successful collaborative problem solving

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of trace diagrams for analysing collaborative problem solving. The paper describes a study where trace diagrams were used to analyse joint navigation in a virtual environment. Ten pairs of undergraduates worked together on a distributed virtual task to collect five flowers using two bees with each participant controlling one of the bees. This task is used extensively in research on multi-robot systems. The joint navigation of the pairs was analysed using trace diagrams. They showed that more successful pairs divided the task up, showed very little overlap and very little backtracking. Whereas, the less successful pairs, showed no task division, there was significant overlap and extensive backtracking. From this analysis we developed numerical measures of task division, overlap and backtracking. Task division was significantly and negatively related with task performance. Backtracking and overlap were significantly and positively correlated.     

Development and evaluation of antimicrobial natamycin‐incorporated film in gorgonzola cheese conservation

Conservation of food products depends on product quality and packaging suitability. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of natamycin‐incorporated film in the production process of Gorgonzola cheese. It aims to optimize the production process and increase shelf‐life and food safety for the consumer. Films with different concentrations of natamycin were produced and tested in Gorgonzola cheeses to evaluate its efficiency against Penicillium roqueforti on the cheese surface. Films with 2 and 4% natamycin presented satisfactory results for fungus inhibition and the amount of natamycin released to the cheese was below that allowed by the legislation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.