Ratcheting behaviour and mean stress considerations in uniaxial low-cycle fatigue of Inconel 718 at 649 °C

The ratcheting behaviour of Inconel 718 was investigated at 649 °C under uniaxial cyclic loading. Stress-control tests have been conducted at various combinations of stress amplitude and mean stress. The ratcheting strain at failure increases with increasing mean stress for a given stress amplitude and with decreasing stress amplitude for a given mean stress. Fatigue lives were correlated using three mean stress models: the Goodman equation, the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) parameter and the Walker parameter. It has been shown that the Goodman equation and the SWT parameter do not correlate life data, while the Walker parameter yields acceptable correlation. The SWT parameter was modified to incorporate the ratcheting effect. The new parameter is found to yield correlation similar to that of the Walker parameter.     

An investigation of the fatigue of CK45 steel in the as‐received state and after pre‐fatigue deformation

Fatigue failure, ratcheting behaviour and influence of pre‐fatigue on fatigue behaviour were investigated under uniaxial cyclic loading for CK45 steel at room temperature. The fatigue life was recorded for various stress ratios, and then, three mean stress models were considered. The Walker model showed an acceptable accuracy in comparison with Smith–Watson–Topper and Park et al. models. The ratcheting strains were measured for various loading conditions in order to evaluate the impact of mean stress, stress amplitude and stress ratio on ratcheting behaviour. The experimental results showed that the ratcheting strain increased with increasing mean stress, stress amplitude and stress ratio. In addition, the results of the post‐ratcheting‐fatigue tests showed that although the fatigue life decreased with increasing pre‐ratcheting strain (the ratcheting strain that is accumulated in pre‐fatigue), the loading condition that pre‐fatigue experiments were conducted has a significant effect on subsequent fatigue behaviour.     

SiCp/6061Al合金复合材料循环变形行为的有限元模拟

在细观分析模型的基础上,利用ABAQUS有限元程序对T6热处理后不同体积分数的颗粒增强SiCp／6061Al合金复合材料的单调拉伸行为和单轴循环变形行为进行了有限元数值模拟;同时,通过与相应的实验结果的比较对模拟效果进行了评价．模拟结果表明：由于采用了能够描述基体循环棘轮行为的新的本构模型,利用有限元法模拟可对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的循环变形行为,特别是循环棘轮行为进行合理的描述．模拟结果还揭示了复合材料循环变形行为在细观层次上的不均匀性和复杂性．     

SiCP/6061Al合金复合材料高温时相关棘轮行为的数值模拟

基于颗粒增强金属基复合材料的单球形颗粒模型和轴对称二维6节点三角形单元, 利用ABAQUS对T6热处理后的两种体积分数的SiC_P/6061Al合金复合材料的高温(300℃)单轴拉伸行为和单轴棘轮行为进行数值模拟。在有限元模拟中, 对基体采用了新发展的、 能够合理描述材料棘轮行为的黏塑性循环本构模型。数值模拟表明: 本文中建立的有限元分析模型对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的高温单轴棘轮行为及其时间相关特性得到了较为合理的描述, 模拟结果与实验吻合较好。模拟结果同时还揭示了复合材料内循环变形行为在细观层次上的不均匀性和复杂性。      

国产凉水塔风机改造

赤天化国产凉水塔风机振动大、故障多,主要是中间轴承座和联轴节设计不合理所致,在对其进行改造后,故障得到了消除,提高了风机的运转率。     

Uniaxial ratcheting behavior and fatigue life models of commercial pure titanium

The uniaxial fatigue and ratcheting behavior of commercial pure titanium (CP‐Ti) was investigated by asymmetric cyclic stress‐controlled experiments at room temperature. The effects of mean stress, stress amplitude, stress ratio, and peak stress on ratcheting behavior and fatigue life were discussed. It was found that increasing mean stress, stress amplitude, and peak stress or decreasing stress ratio reduced fatigue life and promoted ratcheting behavior. The applicability of different fatigue life models was analyzed, and a new stress ratio‐related failure model was proposed based on the exponential increase of fatigue life with stress ratio. Among all the models investigated in this study, the exponential stress ratio‐related model has more advantage in fatigue life predictions for CP‐Ti under ratcheting‐fatigue interaction.     

Mean stress and ratcheting corrections in fatigue life prediction of metals

Ratcheting occurs easily because of the presence of mean stress during the stress‐control fatigue of engineering components. For ductility exhaustion dominated fatigue failure, a new fatigue life prediction model is developed by introducing the mean ratcheting strain rate to incorporate the effects of ratcheting and mean stress on fatigue life. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model was compared with that of the generalised damage parameter, Xia–Kujawski–Ellyin, Walker and Goswami models. Specifically, the model predictions and tested lives were compared using nine sets of experimental data from the literature. In the statistical analysis of these five models, the proposed model provides the highest accuracy and robust life predictions with the lowest model prediction errors.     

Ratcheting‐fatigue behaviour of bainite 2.25Cr1MoV steel with tensile and compressed hold loading at 455°C

The ratcheting behaviour of a bainite 2.25Cr1MoV steel was studied with various hold periods at 455°C. Particular attention was paid to the effect of stress hold on whole‐life ratcheting deformation, fatigue life, and failure mechanism. Results indicate that longer peak hold periods stimulate a faster accumulation of ratcheting strain by contribution of creep strain, while double hold at peak and valley stress has an even stronger influence. Creep strains produced in peak and valley hold periods are noticeable and result in higher cyclic strain amplitudes. Dimples and acquired defects are found in failed specimen by microstructure observation, and their number and size increase under creep‐fatigue loading. Enlarged cyclic strain amplitude and material deterioration caused by creep lead to fatigue life reduction under creep‐fatigue loading. A life prediction model suitable for asymmetric cycling is proposed based on the linear damage summation rule.     

中碳贝氏体钢的室温单轴循环变形行为研究

为了了解中碳贝氏体钢支承辊的接触疲劳失效机制,对中碳贝氏体钢材料在室温单轴循环加载下的应变循环特性和棘轮行为进行了实验研究。讨论了材料的循环软/硬化特性及其对单轴棘轮行为的影响,同时揭示了该材料棘轮行为的平均应力、应力幅值及其加载历史的依赖性。实验研究表明:材料的循环软/硬化特性具有明显的应变幅值依赖性,进而导致材料在不同的应力水平下出现不同的棘轮行为。研究得到了一些有助于该类材料循环变形行为本构描述的结论。     

Correlation between uniaxial ratcheting and magnetic response under cyclic loadings in X80 pipeline steel

The objective of this research is to explore the correlation between uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and magnetic response under asymmetrical cyclic stressing in X80 pipeline steel. The magnetic field variations from cycle to cycle were recorded simultaneously during ratcheting. Analysis made in the present work shows that the magnetic hysteresis loop evolves systematically with the number of cycles in terms of its shape and position. The most prominent result here is that the magnetic field under a certain stress first decreases sharply in the preliminary stage of ratcheting, followed by a stable decreasing period with an approximately linear slope. Furthermore, it can be concluded that ratcheting influences the changes in magnetic field more significantly under tensile stress than compressive stress. The underlying reason of the strong non‐linearity of the magnetic field evolution was discussed.