不同螺杆组合对聚乙烯交联反应挤出的影响

从20世纪60年代到现在,在国外,反应挤出取得了相当巨大的进步,其应用相当广泛。而在国内,对于反应挤出研究得很少,最突出的表现在利用平行同向双螺杆、采用两步法的生产工艺来反应挤出聚乙烯交联料。这主要是由于影响交联质量的因素很多,如配方、生产工艺和反应挤出设备等等,而本文着重讨论挤出设备,通过对现有的挤出设备进行改进,以期得到一组最佳的螺杆组合和生产工艺条件。     

Optimal policies for BMA polymerization in nonisothermal batch reactor

In this paper, the optimal policies for bulk polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) are determined in a nonisothermal batch reactor. Four objectives are realized for BMA polymerization based on a detailed process model. The objectives are: (i) maximization of monomer conversion in a specified operation time, (ii) minimization of operation time for a specified, final monomer conversion, (iii) maximization of monomer conversion for a specified, final number average polymer molecular weight, and (iv) maximization of monomer conversion for a specified, final weight average polymer molecular weight. For each objective, the optimal temperature policy of heat‐exchange fluid inside reactor jacket is determined. The temperature of the heat‐exchange fluid is considered as a function of a specified variable. Necessary equations are provided to suitably transform the process model in terms of a specified variable other than time, and to evaluate the elements of Jacobian to help in the accurate solution of the process model. A genetic algorithm‐based optimal control method is applied to realize the objectives. The resulting optimal policies of this application reveal considerable improvements in the batch production of poly(BMA). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 102: 2799–2809, 2006     

Reactive‐extrusion route for the closed‐loop recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The effectiveness of the reactive extrusion technique was investigated for poly(ethylene terephthalate) to promote the concept of closed‐loop recycling, that is, the reuse of waste material in the initial application. More specifically, a chain‐extender system, consisting of pyromellitic dianhydride, polyol, and a catalyst, was employed, and its efficiency regarding the improvement of the recyclate quality was evaluated. Accordingly, rheological and thermal characterizations were performed and used as criteria of the modification induced in the polymer molecular structure during processing due to the counteracting degradation and chain‐extension reactions. In particular, the molecular weight, related to intrinsic viscosity and melt flow rate measurements, of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples was found to increase with the additive content. Simultaneously, a decrease in the crystallinity was observed, attributed to the branching effect of the chain extender, which restricted the ability of the macromolecules to organize in the crystal structure. Beyond a critical concentration of the additive system, the molecular weight of the treated samples started to decrease again, and this was accompanied by a small increase in the crystallinity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1671–1678, 2007     

Modelling of the Nonlinear Behavior of Compatibilized Polyethylene/Polyamide Blends in Shear and Extensional Flows

We have studied the effect of the amount Φ_c of a reactive compatibilizer on the rheological properties of a polyethylene/polyamide blend, under steady shear and transient extensional flows. Here, we propose to describe the viscosity η(γ) and the first normal stress coefficient γ₁(γ) using a Carreau‐type power‐law model, which is a three‐parameter model. A single model is sufficient to express the behavior of γ₁(γ) On the other hand, the complete η(γ) curve is described by the superposition of two Carreau models, in relation to the presence of two relaxation mechanisms. Moreover, the extentional viscosity η_E(?), estimated using the end pressure drop observed in capillary flow experiments, is expressed by a two‐parameter power‐law model.     

喷墨印花用液态活性染料稳定性研究

通过对液态染料溶解性、稳定性、耐水解程度等的测试,综合考察了添加剂的种类及用量对高浓度液态活性艳蓝P-3R性能的影响,结果表明:在所考察的四种有机共溶剂中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的效果最好,且其最佳用量为10%;缓冲溶液中Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4的效果较好,最佳用量为3%.     

活性炭材料脱除烟气中SO_2的机理研究

介绍了活性炭材料的脱硫机理;论述了烟气中O2和H2O在脱硫过程中的作用,O2与炭表面作用形成的C-O中间物可氧化SO2,H2O具有洗脱H2SO4、提供质子及水解作用;活性炭材料表面的碱性对脱硫具有促进作用,炭表面的催化活性位能够有效催化转化SO2。     

Robust and stable flow shop scheduling with unexpected arrivals of new jobs and uncertain processing times

In real scheduling problems, some disruptions and unexpected events may occur. These disruptions cause the initial schedule to quickly become infeasible and non-optimal. In this situation, an appropriate rescheduling method should be used. In this paper, a new approach has been proposed to achieve stable and robust schedule despite uncertain processing times and unexpected arrivals of new jobs. This approach is a proactive–reactive method which uses a two-step procedure. In the first step an initial robust solution is produced proactively against uncertain processing times using robust optimization approach. This initial robust solution is more insensitive against the fluctuations of processing times in future. In the next step, when an unexpected disruption occurs, an appropriate reactive method is adopted to deal with this unexpected event. In fact, in the second step, the reactive approach determines the best modified sequence after any unexpected disruption based on the classical objective and performance measures. The robustness measure is implemented in the reactive approach to increase the performance of the real schedule after disruption. Computational results indicate that this method produces better solutions in comparison with four classical heuristic approaches according to effectiveness and performance of solutions.     

JITL-based concentration control for semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization of l-glutamic acid

Although concentration control (C-control) strategy has been shown to give effective and robust control performance for batch cooling and semi-batch antisolvent crystallizations in recent years, no research work was reported concerning the potential application of conventional C-control for the more challenging semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization that is common in the process industries. To this end, this paper presents detailed analysis to find out that it is not feasible to apply the C-control to semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization. To circumvent this problem, a variant of C-control strategy by incorporating the Just-in-Time Learning (JITL) method to cope with strong process nonlinearity inherent in the pH-shift reactive crystallization is developed in this paper. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed design and a comparison with conventional optimal control is made.     

新型催化蒸馏塔在合成甲基叔丁基醚中的应用

分析了已有的合成MTBE催化蒸馏塔结构,同时构思了新型填料式催化蒸馏塔.在模拟催化蒸馏试验装置上,利用YLQ-1型"异形”树脂催化剂进行了合成MTBE研究,获得了反应温度、液空速、回流比等有关工艺条件数据.     

动态三螺杆挤出机制备热塑性硫化胶的研究

对比分析了动态热塑性硫化胶(TPV)的加工设备,着重介绍了附加振动力场的三螺杆反应挤出机的结构特点以及利用该机进行三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯(EPDM/PP)的动态全硫化,对制品的物理力学性能和微观结构分别进行了测试分析和电镜扫描。结果表明,振动力场作用下EPDM/PP共混体系反应挤出动态硫化加工可有效地实现动态硫化反应、硫化橡胶的粉碎和分散以及相态反转,振动力场的作用明显提高了TPV性能。