活性粉末混凝土冻融循环前后NaCl溶液的吸入特性

为更好地理解混凝土盐冻破坏机理,研究了NaCl溶液中NaCl质量分数对活性粉末混凝土溶液吸入量的影响规律,并比较了试件表面及芯部吸入面溶液吸入特性的差异;分析了冻融循环1 000次对溶液吸入特性的影响,给出了不同吸入面的毛细吸液系数.研究表明:活性粉末混凝土毛细吸液量随着NaCl质量分数的增大而减小;15~180 min和180~540 min两阶段溶液吸入量均与t1/2呈线性关系;试件表面毛细吸液系数远小于芯部;冻融循环1 000次后溶液吸入量显著降低,仅为冻融循环前的0.33倍;冻融循环1 000次后距离试件表面越远的吸入面毛细吸液系数越大.     

晶闸管变压式电容无功补偿方法的研究

提出了一种通过晶闸管开关装置直接调节电容器两端电压以调节电容无功功率的方法和相应的原理及接线。同时提出了换级控制方法,分析了故障时产生的断态过电压,采用氧化锌压敏电阻过压保护后,重新对断态过电压进行了仿真。结果表明:补偿装置能多级、大范围调节容性无功,较之于其它快速补偿装置综合工程造价低,有望用于高压电网;装置故障时,会出现严重过电压,若过压保护动作后可使断态电压降低到允许范围内。     

电力系统无功优化算法研究综述(下)

综述了电力系统无功优化的相关概念、研究的关键问题和经典模型。系统地阐述了优化算法中的常规算法、智能算法及其改进算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用情况及存在问题,并对各种优化算法的优缺点进行了分析比较。针对各种优化算法的不同特征,提出了综合各单一算法优点的混合算法以求解无功优化问题。总结了近年来其它新型算法的无功优化应用情况。最后指出了随着智能电网的发展,电力系统无功优化算法当前存在的问题及有待于深入研究的几个方面。实现无功优化的实时计算将是今后无功优化算法问题新的研究方向。     

含分布式能源的配电网规划

概述了分布式电源对配电网的影响,分析了分布式电源在配电网中的优化配置以及含分布式能源的配电网的无功优化模型,总结了在规划过程中的算法,最后针对配电网的规划提出了相关建议.     

基于转矩绕组无功功率MRAS的无轴承异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统

针对无轴承异步电机高速运行需要和转速在线估计问题,提出了一种基于转矩绕组无功功率模型参考自适应控制系统的无速度传感器矢量控制方法。经过数学推导,建立了转速与转矩绕组无功功率的关系式,消除了积分环节和定子电阻的影响,实现对转子转速的在线独立观测。应用此策略构建了无轴承异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统。仿真研究结果表明,该控制策略能实现无轴承异步电机在大负载扰动下的稳定悬浮运行,转子估计转速与实际转速的稳态误差小,控制精度高,验证了所提方案的有效性。     

基于模糊神经网络的MCR电压无功控制

针对磁控电抗器MCR恒压/恒功率因数控制模式无法兼顾电压及功率因数的不足,提出综合考虑电压及功率因数的模糊神经网络加权控制策略,详细阐述模糊神经网络控制器的结构及其参数调整方法,设计由恒压和恒功率因数模糊神经网络控制器组成的控制系统,控制MCR输出的感性无功。算例仿真结果表明,该控制系统具有良好的负载跟踪特性,能实时跟踪电网电压及功率因数的变化;与传统PI闭环控制模式相比,具有超调量更小及响应时间更短等特点。     

胡椒碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞抗肿瘤活性的体外实验研究

胡椒碱（Piperine）是一种从胡椒属植物中提取的生物碱,具有镇静、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性.探讨胡椒碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡的作用.采用MTT比色法测定其对SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制率;通过免疫荧光法、流式细胞术、Western blot法对其进行抗癌机制研究.MTT结果显示Piperine处理细胞72h的IC50值为37.41 μmol·L-1,且呈现时间剂量依赖性; Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜观察发现Piperine能诱导SGC-7901细胞核形态学改变,部分细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态学特征;Annexin V-FITC/PI荧光双染结果亦证实Piperine可以诱导SGC-7901细胞发生凋亡;DAPI和DCFH-DA染色流式细胞术分析显示Piperine诱导SGC-7901细胞G2/M期阻滞、细胞活性氧产生增加; Western blot分析发现Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,Bax蛋白表达逐渐增加,呈现剂量依赖性,且Bax/Bcl-2比例增加.因此,Piperine具有抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的抗肿瘤活性.     

Phase evolution and <110>-orientation mechanism in RTGG-processed BaTiO3 ceramics with electrical properties

The <110>-oriented BaTiO₃ ceramics were fabricated using BaCO₃ matrix and H_1.08Ti_1.73O₄.nH₂O (HTO) template particles, and the mechanism of BaTiO₃ phase formation was investigated. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were also investigated. The transformation of the HTO phase into the TiO₂ bronze or TiO₂ (B) phase was observed at 600°C, where the BaTiO₃ nucleation was accompanied by the formation of a Ba₂TiO₄ phase. The TiO₂ phase reacted with the Ba₂TiO₄ phase at 800°C to give a BaTiO₃ phase, whereas its reaction with the BaTiO₃ resulted in the formation of BaTi₂O₅ phase that got decomposed into BaTiO₃ and Ba₆Ti₁₇O₄₀ phase at sintering temperature ≥1300°C. Sintering with samples’ embedding in BaTiO₃ powders prevented the formation of the Ba₆Ti₁₇O₄₀ secondary phase. The crystallographic orientation along the <110> direction (F₁₁₀) was developed by the epitaxial grain growth mechanism. In addition to the contribution of the grain-size increment for enhancing the F₁₁₀, the preservation of the platelike structure was also found to have a significant impact. The ceramics prepared by the embedded sintering (grain size ≈12.4 µm and F₁₁₀ = 83%) exhibited the room-temperature dielectric constant of 1708 and piezoelectric strain constant of 445 pm/V, which are higher than those of the BaTiO₃ ceramics with randomly oriented grains.     

Biodegradability and improved mechanical performance of polyhydroxyalkanoates/agave fiber biocomposites compatibilized by different strategies

In this work, biocomposites made of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with natural fibers were produced via compression molding. In particular, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) were reinforced with 20 wt% of agave fibers. Different compatibilization strategies were investigated to improve the fiber-matrix interaction: fiber surface treatment in PHA solution, fiber surface treatment in maleated PHA solution, fiber propionylation, and extrusion with maleated PHA. The biocomposites were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, and biodegradability by CO₂ production tracking. In general, fiber propionylation was the best strategy for mechanical properties enhancement and water uptake decreasing. Biocomposites with propionylated fibers showed improved flexural strength (170% for PHB and 84% for PHBV). The flexural modulus was also enhanced with propionylated fibers up to 19% and 18% compared to uncompatibilized biocomposites (PHB and PHBV, respectively). Tensile strength increased by 16% (PHB) and 14% (PHBV), and the water absorption was reduced using propionylated fibers going from 6.6% to 4.4% compared with biocomposites with untreated fibers. Most importantly, the impact strength was also improved for all biocomposites by up to 96% compared with the neat PHA matrices. Finally, it was found that the compatibilization did not negatively modify the PHA biodegradability.     

Compatibilization of an immiscible blend of EPDM and POM with an Ionomer

Immiscible blends of ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) and polyoxymethylene (POM), when EPDM is the major phase were compatibilized on the addition of an ionomer, poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid). The inclusion of the ionomer reduced the interfacial tension between the two phases, such that the diameter of the POM domains were significantly reduced to between 0.5 and 2 μm, typical of that required to toughen ductile polymers. The mechanical properties of the resultant compatibilized blends were significantly enhanced with increases in Young's modulus (↑54%), tensile strength (σ, ↑139%), elongation at break (ε, ↑97%), and tensile toughness (↑500%) with increasing ionomer content, relative to EPDM rubber alone. The ShoreA hardness of the compatibilized blend was 70.1 compared with 56.8 for the immiscible binary blend and, 50.2 for neat EPDM rubber.