Fabrication and tribological properties of titanium nitride coatings incorporating solid lubricant microreservoirs

The concept of incorporating microscopic reservoirs within a hard coating for the purpose of solid lubricant storage and supply during wear of interacting surfaces has been investigated in this study. A novel method was devised using ceramic beads (1.5-10 μm diameter) as placeholders during the deposition of a TiN coating by reactive sputter deposition. A pin-on-disk wear test was used to test these coatings using graphite and sputter-deposited carbon as the solid lubricant, and an alumina counterface. When tested without any lubricant, the presence of the microreservoirs in the TiN coating appeared to degrade the mechanical integrity of the coating leading to rapid failure. With the graphite lubricant present, the frictional behavior ranged from levels similar to the TiN coating alone, to that of graphite alone. Tests of the TiN coating made using 10 μm beads running against an aluminum counterface showed substantial improvement when the microreservoirs were present. Optical microscopy examination of the wear tracks showed the microreservoirs were generally successful at trapping the graphite lubricant during wear. With a sufficient density and appropriate distribution of the microreservoirs significant improvements in tribological performance can be realized.     

10kV配电线路无功补偿探讨

对某10 kV配电线路无功补偿中存在的问题进行了讨论和改进,对单个补偿装置采用最优控制理论,使功率因数达到最优控制效果;在进行多点协同无功补偿时,根据线路的特点,通过计算寻求线路中的最优补偿点,在此基础上通过多个单机的协同控制,采用动态规划方法,使线路的损耗达到最小。     

A local demand forecast by NN method for distributed autonomous voltage and reactive power control system

The paper describes required technological innovation for voltage control of power systems under deregulation of power supply industries and presents a new concept of an autonomous control system for the voltage and reactive power of power systems. Installation of distributed generation connected to distribution networks will significantly increase the short circuit capacity of distribution lines. Therefore, GIS underground substations in the center of a large city are required to enable replacement of circuit breakers with ones of greater capability and to reform GIS bus configurations. Furthermore, a more detailed forecast of local demand and operation data of distributed generators are required for the stable control of voltage and reactive power. This paper presents methods of on‐line autonomous forecasting for short circuit capacity and demand of local transmission and distribution lines, which are indispensable for voltage and reactive control under deregulation of electric power supply industries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(4): 27–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20450     

VE2041脉冲磁控管弹簧夹头零件的失效分析

分析了VE2041磁控管中弹簧夹头零件的失效机理，采取改进措施，避免了同类失效的再次发生，提高了产品质量水平。     

衬底偏压对膜表面层成分的影响

本文就溅射镀膜中,衬底偏压对膜表面层成份的影响作了定性分析。给出了在不同偏压下氧化铟锡(简称ITO)膜表面成份的俄歇探针分析结果,X射线衍射结果以及扫描电镜能谱和观察结果,从而得出衬底在加偏压0～100伏之间时,有利用提高膜的性能的结论.     

Evaluation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon removal from aqueous solutions using activated carbon and hyper‐crosslinked polymer (Macronet MN200)

BACKGROUND: Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on activated carbon and the Macronet polymeric sorbent MN200 was investigated to determine the effectiveness of each sorbent for removal of pollutants from aqueous solution and their possible use as sorbent materials for groundwater. Experiments were carried out to determine the loading capacities of a family of PAHs (acenaphthene, anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene and pyrene). RESULTS: Activated carbon was the more effective sorbent, with maximum loadings of PAHs between 90 and 230 g kg^?1, while MN200 resin showed values of 25–160 g kg^?1. Loading isotherms based on the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson models were determined. The hydrophobic character of the pollutants appeared as an important parameter related to the sorption process. Equilibrium and kinetic parameters were used to determine the retardation factors for each PAH. CONCLUSION: The calculated values for the simulation of barrier thickness using both sorbents, taking into account EU requirements for PAHs in groundwater effluent, were perfectly reasonable as a first estimate. The better kinetic properties of MN200 are evident in lower hydraulic residence times and consequently in a lower barrier thickness. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Selective absorbing surface for evacuated solar collector tubes

The absorptance of AlN-Al(absorbing coating)/Al solar spectrum(0.34 ≈ 2.5 μ m) selective absorbing surface, containing 8-layer AlN-Al composite materials and with distinctive or non-boundaries between the layers, deposited by sputtering technology and heat-treated at 400 °C (60min) is about 0.95 and its thermal emittance is close to 0.07 ≈ 0.08(80 °C). But on the condition that the absorptance is unchanged, the thermal emittance dropped to 0.04 for the AlN-Al coating composed of matel volum fractionic 0.42, 0.25 and 0.00 films.     

Selective attention and control of action: Comparative psychology of an artificial, evolved agent and people.

This study examined the selective attention abilities of a simple, artificial, evolved agent and considered implications of the agent's performance for theories of selective attention and action. The agent processed two targets in continuous time, catching one and then the other. This task required many cognitive operations, including prioritizing the first target (T1) over the second (T2); selectively focusing responses on T1, while preventing T2 from interfering with responses; creating a memory for the unselected T2 item, so that it could be efficiently processed later; and reallocating processing towards T2 after catching T1. The evolved agent demonstrated all these abilities. Analysis shows that the agent used reactive inhibition to selectively focus behavior. That is, the more salient T2, the more strongly responses towards T2 were inhibited and the slower the agent was to subsequently reallocate processing towards T2. Reactive inhibition was also suggested in two experiments with people, performing a virtually identical catch task. The presence of reactive inhibition in the simple agent and in people suggests that it is an important mechanism for selective processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

静止型动态无功补偿装置的应用

高压静止型动态无功补偿装置(SVC)可提高功率因数,使供电系统的电压稳定,既提高了设备的运行可靠性,又减少了设备维护和运行成本,具有良好的技术经济效益。     

Secondary neutral and ionized particle measurements under MeV-energy ion bombardment

We have measured both secondary neutral and ionized particles from an InSb target under 3.0 MeV Si ion bombardment. Measurements of both ions and neutrals have not been carried out so far in the MeV-energy range. The mass spectra and axial emission energy distributions of secondary particles were investigated. Secondary ions were measured with a linear- and a reflective-type time-of-flight technique, whereas secondary neutral particles were photo-ionized by a UV pulsed laser (ArF: 193 nm) and measured with a reflective-type time-of-flight technique. Different results were obtained for neutral particles in comparison with ionized particles. The mean energy of neutral Sb atoms was much lower than that of neutral In atoms, whereas the mean energies of secondary In and Sb ions were nearly equal.