A Needed Economic Framework for Flood Plain Management

ABSTRACT

This paper sets forth a desired economic framework for flood plain management. After expressing serious concern that efficient flood hazard mitigation may not be desired as a goal of public policy, six major management issues are outlined. First is the task of reformulation of the problem of flood hazard mitigation from an emphasis on hazard reduction per se to one of an efficient use of flood-prone lands and development of socially acceptable levels of residual risk. Second, there is need to specify more clearly what is the economic rationale for public action (particularly in a national system) in flood hazard mitigation in relation to the role of markets and private choice. Third, analysis is needed to specify in theoretical and in operational terms the efficient level of mitigation. Fourth, the question of what constitutes a proper measure of loss is of Critical importance. Fifth, economic evaluation of existing institutions and policies in the flood hazard field is clearly needed. Finally, benefit-cost studies of selected mitigation measures are proposed. An overlying concern throughout the paper is that present institutional arrangements may act as barriers to efficient policy and obscure the rationale for other kinds of economic analysis.     

房地产拆迁中的就近安置模式探讨

房屋拆迁补偿主要有产权调换、货币补偿、产权调换与作价补偿相结合等三种形式。但是,目前的产权调换和货币安置均有一定的局限性,原地产权实物安置方式受到被拆迁人的欢迎,但实际操作中有较大的困难。上海在旧城改造中,探索提出了同区域就近安置模式,为各利益相关方所接受。本文以案例的形式介绍了上海市的首个就近动迁安置项目——杨浦区河间路保障性住房建设项目。文章建议,在推进就近安置时,要规划多种房型,倡导混合居住模式。     

Channel allocation and reallocation for cognitive radio networks

In this paper, a new channel allocation and re‐location scheme is proposed for cognitive radio users to efficiently utilize available spectrums. We also present a multiple‐dimension Markov analytical chain to evaluate the performance of this scheme. Both analytical results and simulation results demonstrate that the new scheme can enhance the radio system performance significantly in terms of blocking probability, dropping probability, and throughput of second users. The proposed scheme can work as a non‐server‐based channel allocation, which has practical values in real engineering design. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crosstalk Aware Register Reallocation Method for Green Compilation

As nanoscale processing becomes the mainstream in IC manufacturing, the crosstalk problem rises as a serious challenge, not only for energy-efficiency and performance but also for security requirements. In this paper, we propose a register reallocation algorithm called Nearby Access based Register Reallocation (NARR) to reduce the crosstalk between instruction buses. The method includes construction of the software Nearby Access Aware Interference Graph (NAIG), using data flow analysis at assembly level, and reallocation of the registers to the software. Experimental results show that the crosstalk could be dramatically minimized, especially for 4C crosstalk, with a reduction of 80.84% in average, and up to 99.99% at most.     

Optimization of inter-sectorial water reallocation for arid-zone megacity-dominated area

Current water demand management of megacity-dominated areas in arid-zones should be revised to optimize water allocation for sustainable development. A novel hierarchical optimization model is proposed and examined for such an area in the arid zone of Iran. The model can significantly increase water economic efficiency, reduce unsatisfied demand, and maintain necessary agricultural production. Model sub-optimization provides the cropping pattern and transient four-phenological-stage deficit-irrigation strategy that maximizes economic benefit per unit agricultural allocation. The model employs a nonlinear benefit function for industry, a linear benefit function for service, and a cubic benefit function for deficit-irrigated agriculture. If available water is unchanged, optimal economic benefit increases 283 percent from the current situation. This requires decreasing agricultural water allocation, changing cropping patterns, using deficit irrigation, and increasing development of industrial and service sectors. If annual available water decreases by 25%, or by 40%, net economic benefit can increase 101% and 19%, respectively.     

无线移动通信系统中的高效信道借用算法研究

本文将固定信道分配(Fixed Channel Assignment)和动态信道分配(Dynamic Channel Assignment)相结合,提出了一种高效信道借用算法HEBCA(High Efficiency Channel Borrowing Algorithm).它利用预期信道可用率(Expected Future Channel Availability Rate)衡量信道借用对周围小区的影响,针对信道借用发生和信道借用结束设计了两种重排操作.计算机仿真表明,本算法的阻塞概率低于BDCL(Borrowing with Directional Channel Locking),对改善FCA在业务量低端的性能很有帮助.本算法的信道重排比率(Channel Reallocation Ratio)也明显低于BDCL.     

A Study of Reallocation Planning for Section Switches Considering Employment Cost and Intermittent Renewable Energy

The power market will be in a highly competitive environment because of power deregulation. The electric power companies have raised business efficiency to reduce the number of employees and centralize business establishments. Furthermore, the installation of photovoltaic generation will increase because of energy policy. However, the electric power companies must maintain power supply reliability. Therefore, to reinforce reliability in distribution systems is a significant problem. In this paper, we propose the optimal placement of distribution section switches to maintain power supply reliability in such a situation, and we present simulation results obtained for the original distribution system using a genetic algorithm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 36–43, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22375     

Allocation and reallocation of ambulances to casualty clusters in a disaster relief operation

In this paper, we consider ambulance allocation and reallocation models for a post-disaster relief operation. The initial focus is on allocating the correct number of ambulances to each cluster at the beginning of the rescue process. We formulate a deterministic model which depicts how a cluster grows after a disaster strikes. Based on the model and given a number of ambulances, we develop methods to calculate critical time measures, e.g., the completion time for each cluster. Then we present two iterative procedures to optimize the makespan and the weighted total flow time, respectively. The second problem analyzes the ambulance reallocation problem on the basis of a discrete time policy. The benefits of redistribution include providing service to new clusters and fully utilizing ambulances. We consider the objective of minimizing the makespan. A complication is that the distance between clusters needs to be factored in when making an ambulance reallocation decision. Our model permits consideration of the travel distance between clusters. Results of our allocation method are illustrated via a case study, which is based on an earthquake scenario in Northridge, CA.     

Cairo＇s Slums： A Ticking Time Bomb

Despite being one of the symbols of civilization throughout human history, Greater Cairo has many slum areas, hosting a population of three million people living in deteriorating conditions and lacking the basic human necessities. These slums represent a fertile environment for diseases caused by pollution in all its forms and are subject to crimes, rape and theft. There is a huge difference in the state of conditions when comparing the formally planned areas to the informally planned ones. People living in the formally planned settlements, like Nasr City, and in informal ones, like Ezbet El-Haggana, are similar to the kings and queens and slaves of legends. This paper tries to find solutions to the problem of slums and random areas.     

Reliability reallocation for cost uncertainty of fuel cell vehicles via improved differential evolution algorithm

A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is composed of many subsystems; it is necessary to reallocate subsystem reliability to improve FCV system reliability. A comprehensive evaluation method considering uncertainty is proposed to obtain the interval value of feasibility factor. The FCV cost uncertainty model is established on the basic of parameters such as feasibility factor, initial reliability, limit reliability, and subsystem cost. To solve the optimization problem for cost uncertainty, the cost interval model is transformed into a deterministic model by interval order relation. An improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed to reallocate subsystem reliability for minimum cost.