MBR工艺在石化污水处理中的应用

随着国家对石化企业节水减排、污水回用的要求不断提高,MBR工艺在石化污水处理中的研究和工程应用越来越广泛。介绍了MBR工艺在已建石化污水处理装置提标改造和新建污水处理装置中的应用现状,对在应用中存在的问题进行了归纳梳理,提出了改进措施与建议,并结合MBR技术改进和材质升级,进一步展望了MBR技术在石化污水回用方面的发展趋势。     

氯碱废水实施分质处理及回收利用技术的应用探讨

结合实际论述了氯碱废水的特点;分析了氯碱废水分质处理及回收利用的总体思路;探究了氯碱废水实施分质处理及回收利用技术的应用策略,以期对充分利用氯碱资源及保护环境有所帮助。     

Application of titanium machining chips in welding consumables for wear-resistant hardfacing

Equipment of sugar cane plants and mineral extraction are submitted to severe abrasive wear conditions. Welded hardfacings are usually applied to repair this kind of damage, where commercial chromium/carbon-rich welding consumables have usually been employed. In the present work we investigated the microstructure of experimental hardfacings made by addition of residues (chips) collected from the machining of ASTM F67 (unalloyed Ti, grade 4) alloy. Mixtures with different carbide-formers (Cr/Nb ferro-alloys) were also tested. Two layers of ‘pure’ chips (Ti), chips plus Fe–Cr (Ti–Cr), and chips plus Fe–Nb (Ti–Nb) were applied on low-carbon steel specimens by the GTAW/TIG process. The microstructure of hardfacing layers was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS microanalysis. The microstructural characterization has determined that carbide distributions change significantly with the chemical nature of the hardfacing. SEM observations coupled with EDS microanalysis have confirmed the formation of complex carbides within the metal weld, whose stoichiometry was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mixed carbides of MC type and some cementite have been found. As a result it was suggested that use of ASTM F67 chips as carbide formers for composition of welding consumables can contribute to improved wear resistance of hardfacings, if compared with traditional chromium-based hardfacings.     

Preparation of hardened tiles from waste phosphogypsum by a new intermittent pressing hydration

The solid waste phosphogypsum (PG), as the sole-raw material, was processed into hardened tiles with favorable mechanical strength by a novel intermittent pressing hydration process. First, the raw PG with dihydrate gypsum was dehydrated into semi-hydrate gypsum. The dehydrated PG was granulated with water, press-formed, and then immersed in water under intermittent pressing. Using the optimal granulation humidity of 35%, pressing pressure of 20 MPa, pressing frequency of once per 2 min and total times of 24, PG hardened tiles with bending strength of 18.9 MPa was obtained. It was revealed that the dehydrated PG was hydrated into the dense dihydrate gypsum crystals under the action of intermittent pressing, which contributed to the high mechanical strength of the tiles. The hardened tile has the potential to be a new-type wall material and its application may help to solve PG׳s environmental risk.     

试谈鸡西老煤炭工业基地煤竭城衰的重振对策

像所有的资源型城市一样,鸡西市也曾有过辉煌的发展历史,但近年来,鸡西市出现了“煤竭城衰”的现象。本文分析了这种现象产生的历史和原因,揭示了人与自然和谐发展的规律,并指出了解决这种现象的途径和办法。     

试谈鸡西老煤炭工业基地煤竭城衰的重振对策

像所有的资源型城市一样,鸡西市也曾有过辉煌的发展历史,但近年来,鸡西市出现了"煤竭城衰"的现象.本文分析了这种现象产生的历史和原因,揭示了人与自然和谐发展的规律,并指出了解决这种现象的途径和办法.     

碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展

人类生产生活对塑料制品日益增长的需求使得塑料废弃物迅速增加,由此引起的环境问题和社会问题亟待解决。本文综述了碳中和背景下国内外废塑料裂解法回收进展,从废塑料裂解催化剂、废塑料裂解反应器、废塑料与其他固废共裂解三个方面对废塑料裂解技术进展进行总结,归纳了国内外塑料回收企业和石油石化企业在废塑料裂解回收方面的进展,分为裂解法制油和裂解法制化学品两个方面。阐明了废塑料回收在节约能源、碳减排和经济性方面的意义,指出国内废塑料裂解法回收存在法规缺失、废塑料分类不清晰、产业链条不完善、相关学术研究不深入等问题,提出国内石油石化企业应从全生命周期角度出发对废塑料进行裂解法回收处理,结合上下游产业链,分阶段实施废塑料裂解产油品路线和产化学品路线。     

氯碱化工“三废”零排放可行性研究

针对氯碱生产过程中产生大量的“工业三废”问题,介绍了焦煤集团开元化工有限责任公司的“三废”回收利用及治理情况,提出了实现“零排放工厂”的可行性方案和“三废”回收利用的治理措施。     

电镀污泥中铜镍锌元素的检测

对电镀污泥的样品采集、样品制备以及电镀污泥中铜、镍、锌元素的检测方法进行了研究和优化改进。对铜、镍和锌的分析方法的精密度进行了加标回收实验,加标回收率为97%~105%。对方法的准确度与先进的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法检测结果进行对比,结果显示,该方法操作较为简单,检测成本较低,可准确判断电镀污泥中铜、镍和锌含量。     

Windshield recycling focused on effective separation of PVB sheet

The study is focused on windshield recycling process resulting in poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets with very low amout of remain glass particles. PVB sheets were obtained from worldwide manufacturer DuPont and then they were laminated by standard autoclaving process. One sample of PVB sheet was modified by multi‐functional organic acid in order to compare various levels of adhesion. Three‐stage technology was proposed for recycling PVB sheets. In the first‐stage laminated safety glass was mechanically cracked. In the second‐stage the adhesion reduction to minimal degree was followed by chemical‐physical assisted separation. It causes self‐release of the glass out of the PVB sheet. The third‐stage was mechanical peeling of the remaining glass from the PVB sheet which completed the recycling process. The optimal process conditions for the most effective delamination process were found. Delamination technology produces PVB sheet with minimal residual glass content (up to 300 ppm) and minimal change in PVB sheet properties. Described recycling technology is ecologically friendly (the effluent is fully recyclable as well) and could reduce the worldwide problem with windshield waste disposal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39879.