The phase structure,chain diffusion motion and local reorientation motion: C Solid-state NMR study on the highly-crystalline solid polymer electrolytes

In our previous paper, we investigated the influence of the phase structure on the polymeric chain diffusion in the complexed crystals of solid polymer electrolytes of PEO:LiAsF₆ and PEO:LiCF₃SO₃. We observed that with the increase of the crystallinity, the chain diffusion rate decreases dramatically. In this work, by employing the ¹³C CODEX NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that opposite to the behavior of the chain diffusion motion, the local reorientation motion of polymeric chains within the complexed crystals are greatly increased with the increase of the crystallinity, which is accompanied by the change of the phase structure. The relationship between the different molecular motions within the complexed crystals and the phase structure are discussed therefore.     

全钒液流电池用磺化聚芴醚酮质子交换膜的制备及性能

质子交换膜(PEM)作为全钒液流电池(VRFB)的核心组件之一,应当解决成本高昂、合成过程复杂等问题,并具备高质子传导率、低钒离子渗透率、高机械强度和优异化学稳定性等关键性能。本文基于四甲基双酚芴单体通过缩聚反应合成了一系列聚芴醚酮化合物PFEKs,再利用溴代反应将苯甲基功能化为溴甲基,接着通过4-羟基苯磺酸钠的SN₂亲核取代制得了一系列不同离子交换容量的磺化聚芴醚酮聚合物(SPFEKs)。通过溶液浇铸法成膜并酸化,得到一系列新型低成本PEMs。该合成路线的原料来源广泛,价格低廉,不涉及危险的磺化反应,易于工业放大。所得膜都具有良好的机械性能和氧化稳定性,其中SPFEK-40膜具有较高的质子传导率及离子选择性、较低的钒离子渗透率及面电阻,综合性能优异。以SPFEK-40膜组装的VRFB在电流密度为80 mA/cm₂^{时的能量效率}(EE)为88.2%,高于以Nafion 212膜组装的VRFB的84.8%。此外,以SPFEK-40膜组装的VRFB在30次循环后放电容量仅衰减至84.3%,远高于以Nafion 212膜组装的VRFB的66.1%。     

线性与超支化聚氨酯共聚体系固体电解质的研究

用超支化和线性聚氨酯的低交联共聚物(CHPU)作为聚合物基体,LiClO4为离子源制备了一系列的聚合物固体电解质。DSC分析显示该共聚物比共混物(MHPU)玻璃化转变温度低,红外和Raman光谱显示该共聚物比共混物对盐离子的溶解性能更强,同时该体系比共混物体系有更高的电导率,25℃时CHPU30/LiClO4体系的最佳电导率达到1.5×10-5S/cm。     

The Role of Vitamin D in Supporting Health in the COVID-19 Era

The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health. Among its renowned functions, vitamin D is an immunomodulator and a molecule with an anti-inflammatory effect, and, recently, it has been much studied in relation to its response against viral infections, especially against COVID-19. This review aims to take stock of the correlation studies between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of severe COVID-19 disease and, similarly, between vitamin D deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on this evidence, supplementation with vitamin D has been tested in clinical trials, and the results are discussed. Finally, this study includes a biochemical analysis on the effects of vitamin D in the body’s defense mechanisms against viral infection. In particular, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are considered in relation to energy metabolism, and the potential, beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19 is described, with discussion of its influence on different biochemical pathways. The proposed, broader view of vitamin D activity could support a better-integrated approach in supplementation strategies against severe COVID-19, which could be valuable in a near future of living with an infection becoming endemic.     

锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质

对锂离子凝胶聚合物电解质的结构特征、导电机理、制备方法进行了总结和评述,对锂离子聚合物电解质及锂离子电池的发展进行了预测。     

离子液体相关电解质研究进展

论述了近年离子液体相关电解质研究进展。利用离子液体或将其与聚合物电解质混合,或与其它电解质盐类混合可制得新型电解质。一些离子液体及相关电解质应用于电池等电化学装置,具有良好的电化学性能,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

通过磁化提高电解二氧化锰放电性能

介绍了J.Leddy和J.P.Tesene进行的通过磁化作用改变电解二氧化锰在碱性锌锰电池中的放电机理的试验,实验结果表明磁化可提高碱锰电池放电性能和可充性,讨论了该项技术的应用领域和市场前景。     

Interfacial energy for solutions of nanoparticles,surfactants, and electrolytes

The addition of surfactants to modify the surface property of nanoparticles (NPs) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic also enhances their interfacial properties. Several approaches were previously proposed to calculate the surface tension/interfacial tension (IFT) for different systems in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes. However, most of these approaches are indirect and require several measured parameters. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed here to calculate the surface tension/IFT for these systems. The developed model takes into account the cohesive energy due to the interaction of the surfactant CH₂ groups, the electric double layer effect due to the interaction among the ions of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes, and the dipole–dipole interaction of NPs and electrolytes. The developed model is compared and validated with the laboratory experimental data in literature. The results reveal further understanding of the mechanisms involved in stabilization of oil/water emulsion in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes.     

Thermodynamic modeling and phase diagram prediction of salt lake brine systems. I. Aqueous Mg2+–Ca2+–Cl− binary and ternary systems

Salt lake brine is a complex salt-water system under natural environment. Although many models can express the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium of electrolyte aqueous solution, the multi-temperature characteristics and predictability are still the goals of model development. In this study, a comprehensive thermodynamic model system is re-established based on the eNRTL model and some improvements: (1) new expression of long-range electrostatic term with symmetrical reference state is proposed to handle the electrolyte solution covering entire concentration range; (2) the temperature dependence of the binary interaction parameters is formulated with a Gibbs Helmholtz expression containing three temperature coefficients, the liquid parameters, which associated with Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and heat capacity contribution; and (3) liquid parameters and solid species data are regressed from properties and solubility data at full temperature range. Together the activity coefficient model, property models and parameters of liquid and solid offer a comprehensive thermodynamic model system for the typical bittern of MgCl₂–CaCl₂–H₂O binary and ternary systems, and it shows excellent agreement with the literature data for the ternary and binary systems. The successful prediction of complete phase diagram of ternary system shows that the model has the ability to deal with high concentration and high non-ideality system, and the ability to extrapolate the temperature.     

累托石的有机改性及其对凝胶聚合物电解质的影响

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵改性天然黏土累托石,得到有机改性累托石(organic modified rectorite,OREC),再用OREC改性凝胶聚合物电解质.对OREC进行红外、X射线衍射、偏光显微分析,并对OREC改性的凝胶聚合物电解质体系的X射线衍射结果、离子电导率及热性能进行了分析.结果表明:OREC能作为改性剂用在凝胶聚合物电解质中,在凝胶电解质中达到完全解离,能提高电解质的离子电导率,且改性电解质的玻璃化转变温度随OREC添加量的增加而增大,热稳定性提高.