改性稻草秸秆对重金属铅的吸附性能研究

采用Na OH预处理和高锰酸钾氧化对稻草秸秆进行改性,通过扫描电镜观测和红外光谱表征分析,平衡吸附法对比实验,探讨在不同固液比、p H、吸附时间、温度、初始浓度、Cu2+、Cr3+等条件下,改性前后秸秆对Pb2+的吸附影响。结果表明,改性使得秸秆分子结构和表观发生了明显的变化,其活性和可及度相应增加;吸附平衡量由6.31 mg·g-1提高至9.11 mg·g-1;吸附过程符合Langmuuir模型和准二级动力学模型;Cu2+、Cr3+对Pb2+吸附起拮抗作用。     

机械力改性芦苇纤维及其对聚乳酸复合材料的阻燃性能研究

采用机械力化学法对芦苇纤维（RF）进行磷酰化改性,并将改性后的磷酰化芦苇纤维（MPRF）与聚乳酸（PLA）共混制备复合材料,研究了MPRF对复合材料热稳定性、阻燃性、燃烧性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,磷元素成功接枝到芦苇纤维表面,800 ℃时的残余质量增加;随着MPRF添加量的提高,PLA复合材料的阻燃性能随着MPRF的加入而逐渐增加,当MPRF添加量为40 %（质量分数,下同）时,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度可达266.9 MPa和44.7 MPa,极限氧指数为24.6 %;最大热释放峰值下降到366.9 kW/m²,与PLA相比下降了39.3 %,有效降低复合材料的火灾危险性。     

Application of a glyphosate-based herbicide to Phragmites australis: Impact on groundwater and near-shore lake water at a beach on Georgian Bay

During the past decade, the invasive Phragmites australis (common reed) has established itself along beaches of the Great Lakes, causing detrimental impacts to both the natural ecological integrity of the shoreline and the recreational value of beaches. The herbicide Roundup®, containing the active ingredient glyphosate, was applied to Phragmites along a beach on the southern shore of Georgian Bay, Canada, to eradicate the Phragmites which was destroying the natural beach ecosystem. Groundwater and lake water were tested to determine if glyphosate enters the groundwater and lake at the beach and how long glyphosate will persist. Two days after application, the geometric mean concentration of glyphosate in the groundwater below the Phragmites was 0.060 μg/L with a maximum of 12.50 μg/L. Concentrations rapidly declined over the next two to three weeks to below minimum detection limits (< 0.020 μg/L). Glyphosate was also detected in the nearshore lake water with concentrations peaking at a geometric mean of 0.14 μg/L one week after application, and declining to 0.039 μg/L four weeks after application. Concentrations of glyphosate never exceeded the Canadian water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic life (65 μg/L) in either the groundwater or lake water. An approximate half-life for the dissipation of glyphosate by degradation and dilution/flushing as groundwater flows toward the lake, assuming a first order kinetic reaction, yielded a half-life of 3.5 during the 4 weeks after the herbicide was applied. The application of Roundup® resulted in an 90% reduction in the size of the stand of Phragmites.     

蓝牙和IEEE802.11无线局域网共存问题探析

使用WiFi(Wireless Fidelity)IEEE 802.11b/g协议的无线局域网(WLAN)技术已经成为PC和笔记本电脑的标准而正在快速扩散到PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)和其它便携式设备。与此同时,蓝牙作为耳机,麦克风连到各种个样的无线设备的串口线的替代品已经越来越普遍。这两种无线协议都工作于2.40至2.48GHzISM(工业,科学和医疗)射频带。WiFi使用12个带宽为22MHz重叠的频道其中一个,而蓝在带宽为79MHz范围跳频[3]。因此,无论WiFi正在使用哪个频道两个系统间会存在互相干扰和共存的问题导致数据吞吐量的降低。实现IEEE802.11 WLAN协议的设使用FEC(Foward Error Correction)纠错技术来减轻于其它无线网的干扰。在该文中,我们将对RS(Reed Solomon)编码与BS(Binary Convolutional)编码使用于解决WLAN于BT共存问题的相对有效性进行一个调查并作出结论。     

麦秸强化微生物降解石油烃及场地试验

在油-盐混合污染耕地的耕作层中施加麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和促进微生物对石油烃的降解.通过实验考察了麦秸添加量对降解石油烃所用的阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和刺孢小克银汉霉菌(Cunninghamella echinulata)的生长及其对于石油烃降解行为的影响.结果发现,在土壤中添加5%(质量分数)麦秸可使土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量提高至对照样品的25和3倍;19 d时总石油烃降解率从29.2% 提高到48.0%,其中饱和烃、芳烃的降解率分别从31.5%和39.1%提高到55.7%和55.9%.在中原油田污染耕地现场试验结果表明,石油烃降解菌添加25 d后,添加麦秸的修复土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量为对照土壤的158和9倍;45 d后试验地块中的总石油烃质量分数降至0.3%以下,石油烃降解率最高达到75%.上述结果显示出添加麦秸与真菌-细菌协同修复方法相结合在治理油-盐混合污染耕地中具有很好的应用前景.     

麦秸强化石油烃污染耕地水浸洗盐过程及场地试验

针对油田产出水导致的含油盐污染耕地的生物强化修复,提出在土壤耕作层和主体层间填埋麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和抑制毛细返盐.结果表明,土壤中石油烃的浓度高于1.5% (质量分数)时会导致其疏水性增高而使得水浸润困难.添加5% (质量分数) 麦秸可使含油3.3%(质量分数)的盐污染土壤脱盐率从3%提高到25%,并可抑制毛细返盐.在中原油田实施了6 400　m²的现场实验,在耕作层(距地表25　cm)构建麦秸层,采用井水以及雨水进行洗盐,50 d后耕作层土壤电导率达到正常耕地水平的面积比例由17%提高到80%,Na⁺和Cl^-浓度分别从1 642.5 mg·kg^-1和1 301.2 mg·kg^-1下降到499.3 mg·kg^-1和433.8 mg·kg^-1.修复地块的小麦产量达正常耕地的72%,而对比地块仅为12%.说明添加麦秸可强化油盐混合污染耕地的水浸洗盐并抑制“毛细返盐".该方法操作便捷易行,在油盐混合污染耕地修复中具有很好的应用前景.     

电子束辐射对农作物秸秆粉/聚乙烯木塑复合材料结构与性能的影响

在不添加偶联剂和相容剂的情况下,将农作物秸秆粉(CSF)和聚乙烯树脂(LDPE)直接熔融共混复合制备木塑复合材料LDPE/CSF,研究高能电子束辐射(EB)对该木塑复合材料结构与性能的影响。力学性能测试表明,LDPE/CSF木塑复合材料的力学强度随辐射剂量的增加而增大;扫描电镜分析表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,木塑复合材料断面越来越平整,材料断面观察不到明显的农作物秸秆粉脱落现象;差示扫描量热分析表明,随着辐射剂量的增加,LDPE/CSF木塑复合材料的熔融峰逐渐向低温方向移动;24 h吸水率测试表明,经电子束辐射处理后的LDPE/CSF木塑复合材料吸水性能显著改善。这是由于电子束辐射使LDPE发生一定程度的交联,使原本相容性差的CSF和LDPE能够形成稳定的网络结构,提高LDPE/CSF木塑复合材料的界面相容性和力学强度,改善其耐水性能;另一方面,电子束辐射使LDPE/CSF木塑复合材料的结晶缺陷增多,降低其熔融温度。     

CropStraw Fire Remote Sensing Monitoring and Its Algorithm Implementation

in order to obtain the information and achieve the effective control of crop straw fire spatial distribution in Central China Region.The MODIS L1B remote sensing datasets during 2014 for the main data source in this article,and combined with land use data,the farmland of Central China Region was taken as study region.Based on the enhanced contextual fire remote sensing detection algorithm,and make full use of the theoretical knowledge of quantitative remote sensing and Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL)and other technical means,to achieve the crop straw fire recognition in Central China Region.Using Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China release the daily newspaper of crop straw fire in China and the standard fire products (MYD14)of MODIS for the comparative analysis of the quantitative and spatial.The results indicate that the algorithmof this paper can achieve crop straw fire remote sensing monitoring of this study region effectively,and the parameters can be adjusted in real time based on the characteristic of the study region,and improve the automation and working efficiency of crop straw fire monitoring.     

农作物秸秆膨化机加工性能试验研究

利用小型自热式单螺杆挤压膨化机对农作物秸秆进行膨化加工试验。将螺杆螺距,喷嘴出口间隙,秸秆物料含水率,秸物料粒度作为试验因素,经单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合设计试验找出其对秸秆膨化加工性能（膨化压力,生产率,度电量等）的影响规律,并得出最佳参数组合。     

离子液体[Amim]Cl中玉米秸秆纤维素的溶解再生性能

以玉米秸秆为原料,在离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Amim]Cl)中制得了玉米秸秆纤维素再生膜。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和TGA等测试方法对玉米秸秆纤维素及其再生膜进行了表征。结果表明,经过酸碱法处理的玉米秸秆纤维素可直接溶解在目标离子液体中,再生前后秸秆纤维素发生了从Ⅰ到Ⅱ的晶型转变;再生膜具有致密均匀的结构且呈现优异的热稳定性;离子液体可以多次循环利用。