Dynamic flow‐based particle splitting in smoothed particle hydrodynamics

In this work, a dynamic procedure for local particle refinement to be used in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is presented. The algorithm is able to consistently produce successive levels of particle splitting in accordance to a flow‐based criterion. It has been applied together with accurate and robust formulations for variable spatial resolution in the framework of a semi‐implicit, truly incompressible scheme for SPH. Different test cases have been considered to assess the capabilities and advantages of the proposed procedure, namely, the laminar flow around circular and square obstacles in a plane channel for various regimes. Such flow cases entail the simulation of attached and separated shear layers, recirculating flow, vortex shedding and surface discontinuities. The results obtained for two levels of particle splitting have demonstrated that significant improvements may be obtained with respect to uniform particle spacing solutions in a variety of situations, thus presenting an excellent trade‐off between accuracy and computational cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铸造Al-Cu合金凝固缺陷研究现状

铸造Al-Cu合金的凝固缺陷严重影响了铸件的性能,控制或消除凝固缺陷对提高铸件成品率有重大意义。综述了铸造Al-Cu合金在工程中出现的常见凝固缺陷,如偏析、热裂、显微疏松、缩孔等。重点分析了各类缺陷的形成机理与特点,从合金化、熔铸工艺、热处理工艺、数值模拟等角度提出了减少铸造Al-Cu合金凝固缺陷的方法。     

大塑性变形制备超细晶/纳米晶Al-Mg铝合金的研究进展

近年来,大塑性变形(SPD)制备具有先进结构和功能的超细晶和纳米晶Al-Mg铝合金的研究取得了很大进展。SPD后,合金的晶粒显著细化、位错密度提高及有非平衡晶界和晶界偏析形成,这些微观结构导致合金的强度、硬度大幅提高。然而,SPD合金的塑性普遍较低。综述了SPD制备的Al-Mg铝合金在结构和性能方面的一些最新研究成果。     

抗Zr“中毒”Al-Ti-B-C中间合金对7050铝合金力学性能的影响

通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD),能量色谱仪(EDS)分析Al-5Ti-1B,Al-4Ti-1C和Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金的微观组织与物相组成,比较研究3种中间合金对7050铝合金晶粒尺寸与力学性能的影响。结果表明:Zr的存在削弱了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-4Ti-1C中间合金的细化效果,而对Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金细化效果影响较小。含掺杂型TiC粒子的Al-5Ti-0.8B-0.2C中间合金具有较好的抗Zr"中毒"能力,加入量为0.2%(质量分数,下同)时,含Zr7050铝合金平均晶粒尺寸由200μm细化至(60±5)μm,室温极限抗拉强度由405MPa提高到515MPa,提高了27.2%,伸长率由2.1%提高到4.1%。而加入0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B或Al-4Ti-1C中间合金时晶粒尺寸较粗大且分布不均匀,表现出明显的细化"中毒"。     

Er对原位ZrB2/A356.2复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用原位合成法制备ZrB_2/A356.2复合材料,研究了引入ZrB_2对A356.2铸态微观组织的影响以及不同Er含量对复合材料铸态微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,引入ZrB_2后α-Al晶粒和粗大共晶Si发生略微细化,添加Er后α-Al晶粒细化明显,并且Er对共晶Si有很好的变质效果,α-Al由粗大树枝晶变为蔷薇状、球状,共晶Si从粗大的针片状变为细小的短棒状、球状,有效提高了复合材料的力学性能。当Er添加量为0.10%(质量分数)时,其细化变质效果最为明显,复合材料力学性能提高最为显著。     

Zr+Er及Zr+Y对Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn-Cr合金组织和拉伸力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉伸强度试验研究了0.3%Zr+0.2%Er和0.3%Zr+0.2%Y(质量分数)两种元素组合对Al-0.6Mg-0.9Si-0.5Cu-0.5Mn-0.2Cr合金热处理前后微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,两种元素组合的加入均能细化铸态晶粒,其中Zr+Y改性合金的晶粒细化更明显,且两种改性合金铸态的强度和塑性均较基体合金提高。在热处理过程中,两种元素组合会影响合金中弥散相的析出,降低合金的弥散强化效果。最终,Zr+Er改性合金的强度较基体合金提高,而Zr+Y改性合金的强度则较基体降低,两种合金的塑性均较基体降低。     

隧道掘进聚能水压光面爆破新技术与应用

为了解决成兰铁路金瓶岩隧道出现围岩扰动和隧道超挖的问题,采用聚能水压光面爆破技术。在实施该技术的过程中,根据聚能水压光面爆破技术原理、聚能装置装药和装填技术的要点,严格执行每一操作步骤,并结合隧道掘进工程实践进行现场写实记录。然后将写实记录结果与常规光面爆破进行技术、经济效果对比分析,效果明显。即新技术成型效果好,造孔率减少了50%,又节约了爆破材料,降低施工成本,提高了劳动生产率。该项技术有助于实现隧道开挖"精细化"和"绿色施工",对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。     

Nucleation Crystallography of Ni Grains on CrFeNb Inoculants Investigated by Edge‐to‐Edge Matching Model in an IN718 Superalloy

In this work, the nucleation crystallography of CrFeNb intermetallic particles as a grain refiner for Ni‐based IN718 superalloys is studied using Edge‐to‐Edge Matching model. Three distinguishable orientation relationships between CrFeNb intermetallic particles and Ni grains are well predicted: , (111)_Ni 1.28° from (0004)_CrFeNb, , (111)_Ni 1.32° from _CrFeNb, and _Ni//[0001]_CrFeNb, (111)_Ni 0.72° from _CrFeNb. The results indicate that CrFeNb intermetallic particles have a strong nucleation potency as an effective grain refiner for Ni‐based superalloy and the existence of semi‐coherent interfaces between the CrFeNb intermetallic particles and Ni grains. Furthermore, the IN718 superalloy is used to experimentally validate the grain refinement effect of CrFeNb intermetallic particles, showing that its grain size is obviously refined from 8.60 to 1.23 mm. And, the corresponding heterogeneous nucleation mechanism of grain refinement at the atomic level is further identified.

     

Effect of grain refinement on the hydrogen embrittlement of 304 austenitic stainless steel

The effect of grain size (in the range from 4 μm to 12 μm) on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) was studied. HE susceptibility result shows that HE resistance increases with grain refinement. Electron backscattered diffraction kernel average misorientation (EBSD-KAM) mapping shows that the strain localization can be mitigated by grain refinement. Hence, strain localization sites which act as highways for hydrogen diffusion and preferred crack initiation sites can be reduced along with grain refinement, leading to a high HE resistance. Meanwhile, grain size shows no influence on the strain induced martensite (SIM) transformation during the hydrogen charging slow strain tensile test (SSRT). Hence, the SIM formed during hydrogen charging SSRT is not responsible for the different HE resistance of 304 ASSs with various grain sizes. Hydrogen diffusion is supposed to be controlled by a competition between short-circuit diffusion along random grain boundary (RGB) and hydrogen trapping at dislocations, leading to a maximum hydrogen diffusion coefficient in the 304 ASS with an average grain size of 8 μm.     

Numerical simulation of detonation using an adaptive Cartesian cut-cell method combined with a cell-merging technique

A second-order accurate scheme for the Cartesian cut-cell method developed previously by the authors [Ji H, Lien F-S, Yee E. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 198 (2008), 432] is generalized for application to both two- and three-dimensional inviscid compressible flow problems. A cell-merging approach is used to address the so-called “small cell” problem that has plagued Cartesian cut-cell methods. In the present cell-merging approach, the conservative variables are stored at the cut-cell centroid (including the non-merged and merged cut-cells) rather than at the Cartesian cell center. Although this approach results in a more complicated search algorithm for the determination of the neighbor cells (required for the computation of the spatial gradients of the conservative variables), this approach enables the straightforward formulation of a higher than first-order accurate discretization scheme in the vicinity of the (complex and irregular) internal boundaries of the flow domain. Six test cases (including detonation problems) are used to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the adaptive cut-cell method, for which both mesh refinement and derefinement techniques are employed in the case of an unsteady shock diffraction problem.